Hazardous, Restricted, and Perishable Mail Publication 52 July 1999 Transmittal Letter A. Filing Instructions. This issue of Publication 52 replaces the April 1990 edition, which must be recycled. B. Explanation. This publication is revised in accordance with current standards in Domestic Mail Manual (DMM) C020-C024. It is designed for use by postal employees in business mail entry, retail, and marketing who are involved in providing mailability information to postal customers regarding hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter. C. Distribution. Order copies from the material distribution center (MDC) using PS Form 7380, MDC Supply Requisition. D. Comments and Questions. Direct comments or questions concerning the content of Publication 52 to: MANAGER BUSINESS MAIL ACCEPTANCE US POSTAL SERVICE 475 L'ENFANT PLZ SW RM 6801 WASHINGTON DC 20260-6808 E. Effective Date. This edition of Publication 52 is effective July 1999. Anita J. Bizzotto Vice President Marketing Systems Publication 52- July 1999 Contents 1 Introduction 11 Purpose 111 General 112 Use 113 Other Reference Sources 12 Scope 121 General 122 Hazardous, Restricted, and Perishable 13 Additional Information 14 Safety 15 Protecting Personnel 2 General Guidelines 21 Mailability 211 General 212 Mailer Responsibility 213 Authority 214 Appeals 215 Requests for Rulings 215.1 General 215.2 Hazardous Materials 215.3 Restricted Matter or Perishable Matter 216 Nonmailable Matter Found in the Mail 22 Marking Requirements 221 General 222 Matter Excepted From Markings 223 Hazardous Materials Warning Labels and Markings 224 Tag 44 for Hazardous Materials 225 Other Postal Labels and Tags 226 Package Orientation Markings 227 Old Markings 228 Shipping Papers 23 Handling Hazardous Materials 24 Emergency Procedures 241 General Requirements 242 Hazard Duration 243 Precautions 244 Procedures 245 Hazardous Chemical Emergencies 246 Other Emergencies 25 Basic Guidelines for Acceptance and Dispatch 251 Guidelines for Acceptance Personnel 252 Guidelines for Dispatch Personnel 3 Hazardous Materials 31 Definition 32 General 321 U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) 322 Postal Service 323 Mailer Responsibility 324 Mailability Rulings 325 DOT Hazardous Materials Warning Labels 326 Shipping Papers 327 Transportation Requirements 327.1 General 327.2 Air Transportation Prohibitions 328 Postal Hazardous Materials Table 33 Hazard Classes 331 Nine Classes 332 Limited Quantity 333 ORM-D Materials 334 Small Quantity 334.1 Definition 334.2 Mailability 334.3 Packaging and Marking 335 Packaging Requirements for Hazardous Materials 335.1 DOT Packing Groups 335.2 Postal Packaging Instructions 336 Nonmailable Materials Found in the Mailstream 34 Mailability by Hazard Class 341 Explosives (Hazard Class 1) 341.1 Definition 341.11 Class 1 Divisions 341.12 Class 1 Compatibility Codes 341.2 Mailability, Packaging, and Marking 341.21 Nonmailable Explosives 341.22 Mailable Explosives 342 Gases (Hazard Class 2) 342.1 Definition 342.2 Mailability 342.21 Nonmailable Gases 342.22 Mailable Gases 342.3 Packaging 342.4 Marking and Documentation 342.5 Mailability Rulings 343 Flammable and Combustible Liquids (Hazard Class 3) 343.1 Definition 343.2 Mailability and Packaging 343.21 Requirements for Flammable Liquids 343.22 Requirements for Combustible Liquids 343.23 Nonmailable Flammable and Combustible Liquids 343.24 Mailable Flammable and Combustible Liquids 343.25 Cigarette Lighters 343.26 Paints, Paint Related Materials, and Inks 343.3 Marking and Documentation 344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) 344.1 Definition 344.2 Mailability 344.21 Nonmailable Flammable Solids 344.22 Mailable Flammable Solids 344.3 Packaging, Marking, and Documentation 345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) 345.1 Definition 345.2 Mailability 345.21 Nonmailable Class 5 Materials 345.22 Mailable Class 5 Materials 345.3 Packaging, Marking, and Documentation 346 Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances (Hazard Class 6) 346.1 Definitions 346.11 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances 346.12 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances 346.2 Mailability 346.21 General 346.211 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances 346.212 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances 346.22 Nonmailable Class 6 Materials 346.221 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances 346.222 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances 346.23 Mailable Class 6 Materials 346.231 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances 346.232 Other Nonregulated Toxic Materials 346.233 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances 346.3 Packaging 346.31 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances 346.32 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances 346.4 Marking, Labeling, and Documentation 346.41 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances 346.42 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances 346.5 Damaged Parcels 347 Radioactive Materials (Hazard Class 7) 347.1 Definition 347.2 Mailability 347.21 Nonmailable Radioactive Materials 347.22 Mailable Radioactive Materials 347.3 Packaging 347.4 Marking 347.5 Emergency Procedures 348 Corrosives (Hazard Class 8) 348.1 Definition 348.2 Mailability 348.21 Nonmailable Corrosives 348.22 Mailable Corrosives 348.3 Packaging 348.4 Marking and Documentation 349 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials (Hazard Class 9) 349.1 Definition 349.2 Mailability 349.21 Nonmailable Class 9 Materials 349.22 Mailable Class 9 Materials 349.23 Dry Ice 349.231 General 349.232 Characteristics and Precautions 349.233 Dry Ice Mailability 349.24 Magnetized Materials 349.241 Definition 349.242 Mailability 349.3 Packaging 349.4 Marking and Documentation 4 Restricted Matter 41 General 411 Definition 412 Mailer Responsibility 413 Rulings 414 Nonmailable Matter Found in the Mails 42 Intoxicating Liquors 421 Definition 422 Mailability 422.1 Nonmailable Matter 422.11 Intoxicating Liquors 422.12 Promotional Materials 422.2 Mailable Liquors 422.21 Products Not Categorized As Intoxicating Liquors 422.22 Exempt Mailings Between Federal and State Agencies 423 Packaging and Marking 423.1 General 423.2 Denatured Flammable or Combustible Liquor 43 Firearms 431 Definitions 431.1 Firearm 431.2 Handgun 431.3 Antique Firearm 431.4 Rifles and Shotguns 431.5 Licensed Manufacturer/Licensed Dealer 432 Mailability 432.1 General 432.2 PS Form 1508 432.3 Packaging and Marking 433 Mailer Responsibility 434 Legal Opinions on Mailing Firearms 435 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) 436 Nonmailable Firearms Found in the Mails 44 Knives and Sharp Instruments 441 Definitions 441.1 General 441.2 Switchblade Knife 442 Mailability 443 Packaging and Marking 443.1 General 443.2 Marking 444 Nonmailable Switchblade Knives in the Mails 45 Odor-Producing Materials 46 Liquids and Powders 461 Definitions 462 Mailability 462.1 Restrictions 462.2 Cremated Remains 463 Packaging and Marking 47 Motor Vehicle Master Keys and Locksmithing Devices 471 Definitions 471.1 Motor Vehicle Master Keys 471.2 Locksmithing Devices 472 Mailability 473 Packaging and Marking 474 Nonmailable Matter Found in the Mails 48 Controlled Substances and Drugs 481 Definitions 481.1 Controlled Substances 481.2 Drugs 481.3 Drug Paraphernalia 482 Mailer Responsibility 483 Mailability 483.1 Controlled Substances 483.2 Drugs (Other Than Controlled Substances) 483.3 Poisonous Drugs and Medicines 483.4 Small Amounts for Law Enforcement Purposes 483.5 Mailable Trade-Name Drugs and Medicines 483.6 Drug Paraphernalia 484 Packaging and Marking 485 Rulings 486 Nonmailable Matter Found in the Mails 487 Undeliverable Medicines 49 Unsolicited Promotional Samples 491 Definition 492 Mailability 492.1 General 492.2 Nonmailable Promotional Samples 492.21 Abortive and Contraceptive Devices or Materials 492.22 Restricted or Improperly Prepared Items 493 Customer Objection to Unsolicited Matter 494 Rulings 5 Perishable Matter 51 Definition 52 Animals 521 General Requirements 522 Packaging and Markings 522.1 Container Construction 522.2 Security and Ventilation 522.3 Marking 523 Acceptance for Mailing 524 Disposal 525 Nonmailable Live Animals 525.1 Live Birds 525.2 Live Warm-Blooded Animals 525.3 Reptiles 525.4 Poisonous Insects and Spiders 526 Mailable Live Animals 526.1 General 526.2 Live Bees 526.21 Mailability Requirements 526.22 Claims for Bee Shipments 526.3 Live Day-Old Poultry 526.31 General 526.32 Mailability Requirements 526.33 Claims for Live Day-Old Poultry 526.4 Adult Fowl 526.41 General 526.42 Mailability Requirements 526.43 Claims for Adult Fowl 526.5 Live Scorpions 526.6 Small, Harmless, Cold-Blooded Animals 526.7 Dead Animals or Parts of Animals 53 Fresh Foods and Other Perishables 54 Eggs 55 Meats and Meat Products 56 Plants 561 General 562 Quarantines 562.1 Types of Quarantines 562.2 Specific Information 562.3 Inspection 563 Packaging and Marking 563.1 General 563.2 Securing Tops of Bundles 564 Further Information 57 Nonmailable Plant Pests, Injurious Animals, and Illegally Taken Fish or Wildlife 571 General 572 Criminal Penalties 6 International Mail 61 General 62 Hazardous Materials: International Mail 621 General Requirements 621.1 Mailing Conditions 621.2 Hazard Classes 621.3 ORM-D Materials 621.4 APO/FPO Mail 622 Mailable Hazardous Materials 622.1 General 622.2 Biological Substances, Division 6.2 622.3 Radioactive Materials, Class 7 622.4 Magnetized Materials 623 Nonmailable Hazardous Materials 63 Restricted Matter: International Mail 631 APO/FPO Mail 632 Firearms 632.1 Export To APOs/FPOs 632.2 Import 633 Knives and Sharp Instruments 634 Drugs 635 Controlled Substances 636 Other Restricted Matter 64 Perishable Matter: International Mail 641 APO/FPO Mail 642 Animals 643 Eggs 643.1 Fresh Eggs 643.2 Dried Whole Eggs 643.21 Commodity Credit Corporation Endorsement 643.22 Certificate 644 Tobacco Seeds and Tobacco Plants 644.1 General 644.2 Tobacco Plant Export Permit Markings 644.3 Tobacco Plant Export Permit Charges 645 Plants 646 Fresh Foods and Other Perishables 7 Air Transportation Requirements 71 General 72 Hazardous Materials: Air Transportation 721 General Requirements 722 Additional Requirements 722.1 APO/FPO Mail 722.2 ZIP Codes Served Only by Air Transportation 722.3 Air Transportation Prohibitions 723 Hazardous Materials Warning Labels 724 ORM-D Materials 725 Mailer Responsibility 725.1 General 725.2 Marking Requirements 725.3 Shipping Papers 725.4 Addressing 726 Postal Handling 726.1 Acceptance Personnel 726.2 Dispatch Personnel 727 Refusal by Air Carrier 727.1 Air Carrier Policy or Pilot's Decision 727.2 Handling of Mailpieces Refused by an Air Carrier 727.3 Nonmailable or Improperly Prepared Mailpieces 728 Spills and Leaks 73 Restricted Matter: Air Transportation 74 Perishable Matter: Air Transportation 741 General Requirements 742 Live Animals 742.1 Basic Conditions 742.2 Bees 742.3 Air Carrier Refusal 743 Perishable Matter with Dry Ice Appendix A - Hazardous Materials Table: Postal Service Mailability Guide Appendix B - Numerical Listing of Proper Shipping Names by Identification (ID) Number Appendix C - USPS Packaging Instructions for Mailable Hazardous Materials Appendix D - Hazardous Materials Definitions Appendix E - Conversion Factors for Units of Measure Appendix F - References Index Exhibits Exhibit 226 Package Orientation Markings Exhibit 325a DOT Hazardous Materials Warning Labels: PROHIBITED IN THE MAIL Pictures of labels not available. Exhibit 325b DOT Hazardous Materials Warning Labels: PERMITTED ON MAILABLE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Picture of labels not available. Exhibit 326 Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods (Sample Form) Picture of form not available. Exhibit 331 DOT Hazard Classes and Postal Mailability Exhibit 343.21 Flammable Liquids Exhibit 343.22 Combustible Liquids Exhibit 346.32a Packaging of an Infectious Substance (Etiologic Agent) Exhibit 346.42a Etiologic Agent/Biohazard Material Label Exhibit 346.42b DOT Class 6 Infectious Substance Warning Label Exhibit 346.42c Biohazard Symbol Exhibit 347.22 Activity Limits for Mailable Instruments, Articles, and Limited Quantity Radioactive Materials Exhibit 347.5c(1) DOE Regional Coordinating Offices Exhibit 349.242b Warning Label for Magnetized Materials Exhibit 432.1 Mailability Requirements for Firearms Exhibit 435 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Regional Offices Exhibit 526.21 Requirements for Mailing Live Bees Exhibit 526.32 Requirements for Mailing Live Day-Old Poultry Exhibit 526.5 Restrictions on Mailing Live Scorpions Exhibit 526.6 Requirements for Mailing Small, Harmless, Cold-Blooded Animals (Except Snakes, Turtles, and Turtle Eggs) Exhibit 526.7 Requirements for Mailing Dead Animals or Parts of Animals Exhibit 621.1 DOT Hazard Classes and Mailability for International Mail Exhibit 643.22 Certificate of Mailing for Dried Whole Eggs 1 Introduction 11 Purpose 111 General The purpose of this publication is to provide supplemental information and guidance when using the mailing rules in the Domestic Mail Manual (DMM). The primary rules that apply to the mailing of hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter and that take precedent over all other postal information are found in DMM C020-C024. 112 Use This publication is designed for use by postal personnel in business mail entry, retail units, marketing, and other functional areas that are involved with providing mailability information to postal customers. The mailing rules in the DMM along with the additional guidelines contained in this publication are to be followed when deciding whether and under which conditions hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter are permitted to be mailed. Because the content of this publication is based on DMM standards and the regulations of federal agencies current at the time of publication, future changes to the DMM and federal regulations may supplement, amend, or supersede the content of this publication. 113 Other Reference Sources No single postal guide could provide all the details necessary for the safe acceptance and handling of every item that is classified as hazardous material, restricted matter, or perishable matter. This publication attempts to provide general guidelines, along with specific mailability requirements, where possible for those categories of harmful materials that either present significant danger or are frequently presented for mailing. In writing this publication, the following sources were used: * Title 18 United States Code 1716 (18 U.S.C. 1716). * Title 39 United States Code 3001 (39 U.S.C. 3001). * Domestic Mail Manual (DMM) C020-C024. * International Mail Manual (IMM) 135-139. * Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR). * Postal Operations Manual (POM). * Administrative Support Manual (ASM). Where appropriate within the text of this publication, the names and addresses of agencies from which more detailed information can be obtained are provided. A complete listing of postal and nonpostal publication references is located in Appendix F. 12 Scope 121 General The scope of this publication extends to all articles and materials that are nonmailable because they may harm persons or property coming into contact with them, or that have had mailing restrictions imposed upon them as a matter of public policy or by the regulations of other governmental agencies (see DMM C021). Under 18 U.S.C. 1716, all matter that is outwardly or of its own force dangerous or injurious to life, health, or property is nonmailable. The knowing deposit of such matter in the mail is a crime punishable by fine, imprisonment, and/or other penalty. However, certain hazardous materials and otherwise restricted and perishable matter may be mailed under the conditions permitted in DMM C020-C024 and this publication. 122 Hazardous, Restricted, and Perishable The following are examples of hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter. These are not complete lists, but they provide an idea of the types of articles included in each category. a. Hazardous materials (DMM C023) include: (1) Corrosives. (2) Explosives. (3) Flammable liquids and solids, combustible liquids. (4) Gases (under pressure). (5) Infectious substances, etiologic agents, clinical specimens, biological products, sharps, other used medical devices. (6) Miscellaneous hazardous materials (i.e., dry ice, magnetized materials). (7) ORM-D materials. (8) Oxidizers, organic peroxides. (9) Radioactive materials. (10) Toxic substances (poisons). b. Restricted matter (DMM C024) includes: (1) Abortive and contraceptive devices. (2) Battery-powered devices. (3) Building construction materials. (4) Controlled substances and drug paraphernalia. (5) Firearms. (6) Intoxicating liquors. (7) Liquids and powders. (8) Matter emitting obnoxious odors. (9) Motor vehicle master keys. (10) Nonhazardous liquids and powders. (11) Sharp objects (knives, switchblades, stilettos). (12) Odd-shaped items in letter-size envelopes. c. Perishable matter (DMM C022) includes: (1) Dead animals or parts of animals. (2) Eggs. (3) Live animals. (4) Meat and meat products. (5) Plants and plant products. 13 Additional Information Although the Postal Service makes every effort to inform its customers of the mailability of particular harmful matter via the DMM standards and the information in this publication and others, it is the responsibility of the mailer to fully meet all requirements prior to mailing. See 212 and DMM C021 for more complete information on the responsibilities of mailers. The authority of postal personnel to decide whether particular articles and substances presented for mailing are nonmailable due to the restrictions in DMM C020-C024 and this publication, is stated in 213 and DMM C021. 14 Safety The handling and transport of hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter involves added levels of risk. That risk can become even greater if a nonmailable material is mailed or if the packaging of a mailable material is not adequate to prevent damage or spillage during normal handling. Under no circumstances may any nonmailable hazardous material, restricted matter, or perishable matter be deposited for mailing. Mailable items must be packaged and labeled as required in the applicable DMM rules and the guidelines in this publication. The Postal Service's primary purpose in requiring proper packaging, identification, and deposit of mailable hazardous materials, restricted matter, or perishable matter is to ensure the safety of our employees and the general public who may come into contact with these mailpieces. These requirements are also intended to ensure the safety of the mailstream, postal equipment, and postal facilities. 15 Protecting Personnel All reasonable and necessary steps must be taken to protect Postal Service personnel and equipment from the effects of potentially dangerous or injurious materials or substances found in the mail, as stated in Administrative Support Manual (ASM) 223.4. 2 General Guidelines 21 Mailability 211 General Under 18 U.S.C. 1716, all matter that is outwardly or of its own force dangerous or injurious to life, health, or property is nonmailable. The knowing deposit of such matter in the mail is a crime punishable by fine, imprisonment, and/or other penalty. However, some hazardous materials, and otherwise restricted matter or perishable matter, are permitted to be mailed when the primary requirements specified in DMM C020-C024 and the supplemental criteria in this publication are fully met. For reasons of safety, most hazardous materials are nonmailable. DMM C023, along with Chapter 3, Appendix A, and Appendix C of this publication, provide detailed information on which hazardous materials are permitted to be mailed and the conditions that apply. Restricted matter and perishable matter are either nonmailable or mailable only under the specific conditions stated in DMM C022 and C024, and Chapters 4 and 5 of this publication, as applicable. The mailing conditions that apply to hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter in international mail are specified in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 contains information on the specific conditions that apply to the air transportation of mailable hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter. 212 Mailer Responsibility The mailer is responsible for complying with all mailability statutes and regulations that apply to a specific material and needs to keep abreast of current regulations adopted by the Postal Service and other governmental agencies. See DMM C021 for a more complete statement of the responsibility of postal customers regarding the mailing of hazardous materials, restricted matter, and perishable matter. The Postal Service disseminates information about mailing rules by publishing the DMM and IMM, and by providing this publication and others that furnish additional guidance to mailers. 213 Authority A postmaster is granted the authority under DMM C021 to determine the mailability of restricted articles and substances. A postmaster who has determined an article or substance to be nonmailable is authorized to refuse the item from mailing. Postmasters may consult with a rates and classification service center (RCSC) in making these determinations. See DMM G042 for the RCSC addresses and telephone numbers. 214 Appeals The rights of mailers to seek review of adverse mailability decisions involving restricted articles and substances is stated in DMM C021. A mailer receiving an adverse decision from a postmaster may file a written appeal with the RCSC, which issues the final postal agency decision. When the initial ruling is issued by the RCSC, a mailer may appeal to the Manager, Business Mail Acceptance, USPS Headquarters, Washington, DC. See DMM G043 for mailing address. A mailer may file a written appeal of the final postal agency decision with the USPS Recorder, Judicial Officer, under the rules of procedure in 39 CFR 953. See DMM G043 for mailing address. 215 Requests for Rulings 215.1 General Mailability decisions are based on Postal Service statutes and regulations current at the time the ruling is issued. Therefore, over time some rulings may become obsolete or require modification to conform to changes in applicable laws and regulations. When rulings are issued, the requirements of other governmental agencies (i.e., U.S. Department of Transportation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) are often taken into consideration to the extent that they are consistent with Postal Service policy and authority. Requests for rulings must contain specific items of critical information appropriate to the category of the item, as noted in 215.2 and 215.3. 215.2 Hazardous Materials To obtain a ruling on the mailability of a specific hazardous material prior to mailing, a mailer must furnish the information required in DMM C023.1.5, and a material safety data sheet (MSDS), to the RCSC serving their location. (See Appendix D for a definition of MSDS.) Because the misspelling of even one letter of the proper shipping name for a hazardous material could change the classification requirements, the following information must be furnished when requesting a mailability ruling for a hazardous material: a. Common and proper shipping name of the material, hazard class, and the assigned United Nations (UN) or North American (NA) identification number. b. Chemical composition by percentage of weight. c. Flashpoint. d. Toxic properties. e. Irritant action when inhaled, swallowed, or brought in contact with skin or eyes. f. Special precautions necessary to permit handling without harm to USPS employees or damage to property or other mail. g. Explanation of warning labels and shipping papers required by local, state, or federal regulations. h. Proposed packaging method, including the addressing, required markings, and documentation. i. Volume of material per mailpiece, proposed number of pieces to be mailed, class of mail, and post office(s) of mailing. Be aware that the hazard present with chemicals and other types of hazardous materials is often not necessarily apparent. Materials classified under one hazard class can present additional or subsidiary hazards more commonly associated with a different hazard class. For example, swimming pool chemicals may cause fires or release poisonous fumes, or they may be corrosive or poisonous. Other chemicals may be cancer-causing agents and must be packaged according to the requirements for toxic substances. Therefore, it is essential when determining mailability to correctly identify the material based on the mailer-supplied documentation (i.e., MSDS and other information) and never to assume a general designation using unsubstantiated information. 215.3 Restricted Matter or Perishable Matter To obtain a ruling on the mailability of restricted matter or perishable matter, a mailer should provide specific information to the local postmaster. This information should include the following: a. Detailed description of the restricted matter or perishable matter. b. Special precautions necessary to permit handling without harm to postal employees or damage to property. c. Proposed method of packaging. d. Explanation of any local, state, or federal regulations that apply to shipping such matter. e. Quantity per mailpiece and per mailing, frequency of mailing, and post office(s) of mailing. When information for restricted or perishable matter is insufficient to make a mailability determination, or when there is doubt about the mailability of a particular article, assistance can be requested from the appropriate RCSC. 216 Nonmailable Matter Found in the Mail Certain firearms, switchblade knives, controlled substances, motor vehicle master keys, and explosive or incendiary devices are not permitted to be mailed under DMM C020-C024. When these types of nonmailable items are found in the mailstream, they must be handled in accordance with POM 139.117. Other types of materials found in the mail that are believed to be nonmailable must be treated within the applicable conditions in DMM C010.10, POM 139.117-118, and ASM 223.4. 22 Marking Requirements 221 General Hazardous materials and restricted or perishable matter, unless specifically excepted in 222, must be clearly identified on the address side of the mailpiece. The following requirements must be met: a. The identity of the contents must appear, when required, on the address side. b. The name and address of both the mailer and addressee must appear on the address side. Other markings required by the Postal Service or other federal regulatory agencies must be affixed to the address side of any mailpiece containing hazardous material, restricted matter, or perishable matter. Required markings must be applied with a nonsoluble material or other material that cannot be rubbed off or smeared. As stated, the contents must be disclosed to be mailable. Subsequently, the need for a mailability determination may result from a disclosure provided by a mailer at the time of mailing. Advise mailers of all applicable labeling and marking requirements to avoid rejection of the mailpiece by postal acceptance personnel or air carriers. 222 Matter Excepted From Markings If permitted to be mailed under DMM C024, the following materials are excepted from the requirements in 221 and must be mailed with no indication or identifying marking on the outside of the parcel: a. Controlled substances and drugs. b. Firearms. c. Motor vehicle master keys. d. Switchblade knives. 223 Hazardous Materials Warning Labels and Markings Most mailable hazardous materials fall within the ORM-D (other regulated materials) category. ORM-D materials do not require Department of Transportation (DOT) diamond-shaped hazardous materials warning labels. However, postal regulations do permit the mailing of a few hazardous materials that fall outside the ORM-D materials category. See Chapter 3, Exhibits 325a and 325b, and DMM C023 for more specific information on hazardous materials warning labels and marking requirements. 224 Tag 44 for Hazardous Materials Any sack or other consolidation device containing a hazardous material must have a PS Tag 44, Sack Contents Warning, attached. The tag must be removed when the hazardous material is no longer in the sack or consolidation device. See Chapter 7 for more information. 225 Other Postal Labels and Tags The Postal Service provides the following labels and tags that may be affixed to the outside of mailpieces containing live animals, bees, or perishable matter, in addition to any required markings: a. Label 27, Bee Ware! b. Label 28, Live Animals. c. Tag 9, Perishable --Do Not Delay. 226 Package Orientation Markings Outer packagings that contain a primary receptacle (and secondary packaging, if required) of a liquid or other spillable material must be packed with the closure of the primary receptacle positioned upward. The outer packaging must be plainly and legibly marked on two opposite side walls with a package orientation marking, which consists of two underlined arrows that point in the correct upright position. As an option, the two arrows may be enclosed within a rectangle. The specifications for a package orientation marking are in 49 CFR 172.312. See Exhibit 226 for examples. Exhibit 226 Package Orientation Markings Picture not available Note: Either design is acceptable. 227 Old Markings Old or nonapplicable markings remaining on reused boxes or containers must be entirely removed or completely obliterated prior to mailing. Under 49 CFR 173.29, a container that previously held a hazardous material is considered the same as a full container of the hazardous material. For example, a container that previously held a flammable liquid, corrosive, flammable gas, toxic material, infectious substance, etc., must be considered and treated as if it still contained the hazardous material. For this reason, these types of containers must never be reused to mail other items. 228 Shipping Papers Mailable hazardous materials eligible to be sent as Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail must be packaged, labeled, and appropriately documented for air transportation, as required by federal regulations and DMM C023. Mailable hazardous materials sent via air transportation (except clinical specimens and biological products eligible under 346.2 and DMM C023.8.4) must be accompanied with a shipper's declaration for dangerous goods that is completed in triplicate and signed by the mailer. See 326 and Exhibit 326 for more information. Advise mailers they must comply with this requirement in order to avoid air carrier rejection of a mailpiece based on failure to provide shipping papers. Also see Chapter 7 for more information on air transportation requirements and air carrier refusals of mailable items. 23 Handling Hazardous Materials A potentially dangerous situation always exists when hazardous materials, restricted matter, or perishable matter is being moved from one place to another. Careless handling can result in serious injury to the general public and postal personnel, damage to other mail and postal equipment, and delays in processing and delivery of mail. Specific guidelines on how to properly handle these materials during postal handling are contained in Memorandum of Policy OS-04-21-98, Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods in the Mail, and the POM. 24 Emergency Procedures 241 General Requirements Incidents involving the release of hazardous materials, restricted matter, or perishable matter are potentially serious and can cause death, injury, and property damage. Incidents can be avoided or minimized if appropriate preventive measures are taken or correct emergency procedures followed. The guidelines for responding to emergency situations are found in Management Instruction (MI) EL-810-96-1, Response to Hazardous Materials Releases, and Handbook EL-812, Hazardous Materials and Spill Response. These guidelines must be followed by all postal employees involved in the flow of mailpieces containing harmful matter, from the point of deposit to the point of delivery. 242 Hazard Duration In general, remember that exposure to the effects from damage, spillage, or leakage of harmful matter frequently is not obvious or readily apparent. For example, infectious substances, radioactive material, corrosives, and poisons can cause illnesses or injuries that become known to the victim gradually and only long after the incident. 243 Precautions During any spill or leak incident, or when damage is detected involving harmful items, postal personnel must take every precaution to protect personnel and property from visible and invisible effects of the material involved. These procedures are to be followed: a. Identify harmful properties of the material and precautions to be taken. b. Provide adequate personal protection to employees who must handle materials. c. Contain and transport leaking containers for disposal. d. Clean and decontaminate facilities and machinery. e. Refer to MI EL-810-96-1, Response to Hazardous Materials Releases, and Handbook EL-812, Hazardous Materials and Spill Response, for specific instructions. 244 Procedures During any incident involving harmful matter where there is actual or suspected damage to a mailpiece or its contents, the following general guidelines apply. The specific procedures to be used by postal personnel are in Handbook EL-812, Hazardous Materials and Spill Response: a. Isolate the damaged package immediately and restrict the area. If the incident occurs in a facility or on the equipment of an air carrier, immediately brief the carrier on the nature and quantity of the materials released. b. Contact the supervisor or designated qualified employee, who can take prompt and appropriate measures to protect life and prevent injury, loss, or damage. If mail sealed against inspection must be opened for this purpose, act in accordance with ASM 274. c. Remove any injured or contaminated person from the area with as little physical contact as possible: (1) Limit any first aid to what is absolutely necessary until a qualified physician is present. (2) Direct all personnel exposed to radioactive materials to wash all exposed body areas immediately with cold water and immediately report to a physician for an examination. d. Contact the fire department, the police, a qualified physician, and/or the appropriate agencies equipped to handle specific situations. e. Keep out of smoke, fumes, or dust. Segregate any clothing or tools used in fighting fires until they can be checked for contamination. f. Do not eat, smoke, or drink in the affected area. g. Do not place involved areas in service until the proper authorities have determined that the areas are free of all contamination. h. Notify the nearest RCSC or postal inspector, as appropriate in POM 139.117-118 (see 216). A report must be made for any incident that includes damage to mail or property, or injury to personnel. PS Form 1770, Hazardous Materials Incident Report, must be completed and forwarded in accordance with instructions on the form. i. Comply with reporting procedures outlined in Memorandum of Policy OS-04-21-98, Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods in the Mail, for reporting hazardous materials incidents that occur while materials are being transported as mail aboard an aircraft. 245 Hazardous Chemical Emergencies CHEMTREC (Chemical Transportation Emergency Center) is a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association that provides immediate information and advice 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for those at the scene of transportation emergencies involving chemicals. CHEMTREC also follows up by promptly contacting the shipper of the chemicals involved for more detailed assistance. Postal Service personnel are authorized to telephone CHEMTREC day or night, toll-free, at 800-424-9300. For calls originating within the state of Virginia or outside the continental United States, telephone 703-527-3887. CHEMTREC usually can provide hazard guidance and information warnings when given only the name of the product and the nature of the problem, but they do not provide on-site emergency response. Before contacting CHEMTREC for assistance, obtain as much of the following information as possible: a. Consignee (sender). b. Container type. c. Local conditions. d. Location of problem. e. Your full name and a call-back telephone number where you can be reached. f. Shipper or manufacturer of the material. 246 Other Emergencies The following is a reference list of telephone hotline numbers (for use during normal business hours unless otherwise noted) related to other types of emergencies: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT) NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (For Chemical and Oil Spills) 202-267-2675 (within Washington DC) 800-424-8802 (outside Washington DC) CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC) (For Etiologic Agents and Biohazard Materials) 404-639-3883 (Day) 404-633-5313 (Night) AMERICAN CROP PROTECTION ASSOCIATION 202-296-1585 25 Basic Guidelines for Acceptance and Dispatch 251 Guidelines for Acceptance Personnel Postal personnel may not open mail sealed against inspection except under the circumstances described in ASM 274. Accordingly, knowledge of the content of such mail may be obtained directly from the mailer (i.e., a mailer may ask questions about mailing requirements or mark the outside of the mailpiece to indicate the contents) or indirectly through leakage or other escape of the contents. Subject to the applicable restrictions, acceptance personnel must: a. Determine the mailability of all hazardous materials, perishable matter, or otherwise restricted matter offered for mailing at a retail unit or business mail entry unit (BMEU). b. If the contents are mailable, determine the specific quantity limitations, labeling, and packaging requirements that apply. c. Refuse to accept any material (as permitted in POM 139) that does not meet the applicable DMM requirements for mailing (see DMM C021) and refer the circumstances to your local postmaster or RCSC for a mailability ruling under 213 or 215, as appropriate. d. If the parcel containing the hazardous material is in a pouch or sack, PS Tag 44 must be attached to ensure the sack will be emptied at the processing point. Dispatch all mailable hazardous materials as stated in Memorandum of Policy OS-04-21-98, Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods in the Mail, and the POM. See Chapter 7 for the acceptance personnel guidelines when handling hazardous materials, restricted matter, or perishable matter to be transported by air. 252 Guidelines for Dispatch Personnel The following guidelines for postal dispatch personnel are general in nature. Specific dispatch procedures for postal operational employees are in Memorandum of Policy OS-04-21-98, Hazardous Materials and Dangerous Goods in the Mail, and the POM. a. Make sure that the hazardous material, restricted matter, or perishable matter is given proper handling to avoid damage or danger. b. Tender to the air carrier only those mailpieces that are properly packaged and marked. Before a shipment is tendered to a carrier, make sure that: (1) A proper and strong packaging method is used. (2) A secure method of package closure is used, and there is no visual evidence of leakage or damage. (If damage is detected, isolate the damaged mailpiece and notify the appropriate personnel in case of accident or incident and for proper spill response.) (3) The outer packaging bears all required markings and/or labels. (4) A properly completed shipping paper is attached to the outside of the mailpiece and to the dispatch document. The shipping paper must include the information detailed in 326 and Exhibit 326. (5) If the mailpiece contains a material believed to be nonmailable, treat it in accordance with POM 139.117-118, as appropriate. See Chapter 7 for more information regarding the air transportation of mailable hazardous materials, restricted matter, or perishable matter. 3 Hazardous Materials 31 Definition A hazardous material is any article or substance designated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as being capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or property during transportation. In international commerce, hazardous materials are known as "dangerous goods." For definitions of other terms that relate to hazardous materials, refer to Appendix D. 32 General 321 U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is the federal agency responsible for regulating the carriage of hazardous materials within the United States via any mode of transportation (i.e., highway, rail, air, water). The federal regulations of DOT are codified in Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR). 49 CFR contains DOT's detailed specifications for packaging, marking, and labeling hazardous materials. Title 49 also exempts or establishes other requirements for limited quantities and small quantities of hazardous materials. 322 Postal Service The carriage of U.S. Mail by the Postal Service is regulated by Title 39 Code of Federal Regulations (39 CFR) and is not subject to the federal regulations in 49 CFR as commercial carriers are. Unlike the commercial carriers, the Postal Service is, however, subject to the restrictions in Title 18 United States Code 1716 (18 U.S.C. 1716), which prohibits from mailing all matter that is outwardly or of its own force dangerous to life, health, or property (see 211). Accordingly, for legal and safety reasons, the postal mailing standards for hazardous materials in DMM C023 and this publication not only closely adhere to 49 CFR, but also include many additional limitations and prohibitions. In many instances, the postal standards are more restrictive than the requirements of other commercial carriers. For example, 49 CFR allows commercial shippers to send flammable materials by air, but the Postal Service prohibits the mailing of all flammable materials via air transportation. As a result, most hazardous materials are nonmailable. The postal regulations generally limit the mailing of hazardous materials to ORM-D materials as defined in 333. Although most mailable hazardous materials fall within the ORM-D category, postal regulations do permit the mailing of a small number of hazardous materials having a greater handling and transportation risk than ORM-D materials. This allowance is limited to the following: a. Toy propellant devices and safety fuses in Division 1.4S as permitted in 341.22 and DMM C023.2.0. b. Toxic substances in Division 6.1 that have an LD50 for oral toxicity of greater than 5 mg/kg but less than 50 mg/kg as permitted in 346.231 and DMM C023.7.0. c. Infectious substances (etiologic agents) and medical wastes in Division 6.2 as permitted in 346.23 and DMM C023.8.0. d. Radioactive materials in Class 7 that fall within the specific activity limits permitted in 347 and Exhibit 347.22. e. Dry ice and magnetized materials in Class 9 as permitted in 349 and DMM C023.11.0. 323 Mailer Responsibility Full responsibility rests with the mailer to comply with all postal and nonpostal laws and regulations in the mailing of hazardous material. Anyone who mails, or causes to be mailed, a nonmailable or improperly packaged hazardous material can be subject to legal penalties (i.e., fines and/or imprisonment), including but not limited to those specified in 18 U.S.C. The transport of hazardous materials prior to entry as U.S. Mail is subject to DOT regulations. 324 Mailability Rulings For information on how to request a mailability ruling for a specific hazardous material, see 215.2 and DMM C023.1.5. 325 DOT Hazardous Materials Warning Labels In commerce, packages containing hazardous materials (except those qualifying as an ORM-D material or a limited quantity shipment) must display the appropriate DOT diamond-shaped hazardous materials warning label. Any mailpiece bearing, or required under 49 CFR to bear, one of the warning labels shown in Exhibit 325a is prohibited from mailing. The warning labels shown in Exhibit 325b may appear only on mailpieces containing mailable hazardous materials that require use of the label under postal requirements. (The labels shown in the exhibits are not shown to size. DOT warning labels must meet the size and color requirements in 49 CFR 172.407 to 172.446.) Exhibit 325a DOT Hazardous Materials Warning Labels: PROHIBITED IN THE MAIL Pictures of labels not available Exhibit 325b DOT Hazardous Materials Warning Labels: PERMITTED ON MAILABLE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Picture of labels not available. 326 Shipping Papers A shipping paper is defined as a shipping order, bill of lading, waybill, manifest, or any other document used to identify a hazardous material being offered for transport. The requirements on how to properly prepare shipping papers are detailed in 49 CFR 172.200 through 172.204. The shipping paper must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece. A plastic envelope or carrier can be used for this purpose. The following conditions also apply: a. Air Transportation. Most mailable hazardous materials (including ORM-D materials) must be accompanied by a shipper's declaration for dangerous goods (i.e., shipping paper). The document must be properly completed and signed in triplicate by the mailer. A sample form is shown in Exhibit 326. To determine which mailable hazardous materials require a shipping paper when sent via air transportation, refer to the appropriate sections in this chapter, the appropriate Packaging Instruction in Appendix C, and DMM C023. b. Surface Transportation. A mailpiece containing a mailable hazardous material other than an ORM-D material must be accompanied by a properly prepared shipping paper. Neither DOT nor the Postal Service makes blank shipper's declaration forms available to shippers of hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the shipper to obtain forms meeting the format specifications in 49 CFR from commercial printers or vendors. The shipper is also responsible for properly completing the form prior to mailing. 327 Transportation Requirements 327.1 General a. Air Transportation. Mailable hazardous materials eligible for air transportation must be sent as Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail, as permitted. Mailpieces must be prepared to meet all requirements that apply to air transportation, regardless of whether the parcel will be transported by air by the Postal Service. Mailpieces must be properly packaged and labeled within DMM requirements and the operator variations of the air carrier. When required, a shipper's declaration for dangerous goods must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece. Refer to the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for air carrier operator variations. Note: Mailable hazardous materials that are prohibited from air transportation may not be sent at the Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail rates. b. Surface Transportation. All mailable hazardous materials eligible to be sent at the Standard Mail rates must be prepared under the requirements that apply to surface transportation. A mailpiece containing a mailable hazardous material with postage paid aStandard Mail rate must not, under any circumstance, be transported on air transportation. Exhibit 326 Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods (Sample Form) Picture of form not available 327.2 Air Transportation Prohibitions The following types of hazardous materials are prohibited from transport via aircraft (i.e., Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail rates) under any circumstances: a. Anything susceptible to damage or that can become harmful because of changes in temperature or atmospheric pressures unless protected against the effects of such changes. b. Magnetic material that has a field strength sufficient to cause a compass deviation at a distance of 7 feet or more from any point on the outer packaging. c. Flammable materials (gases, liquids, and solids). d. Radioactive materials. e. Hazardous materials excluded from air shipment by the regulations of 49 CFR 100-185, or by the applicable country or air carrier operator variations. 328 Postal Hazardous Materials Table Appendix A, "Hazardous Materials Table: Postal Service Mailability Guide," contains a modified version of the DOT Hazardous Materials Table found in 49 CFR 172.101. Appendix A lists the hazardous materials from 49 CFR and identifies eligibility for mailing in the domestic mail via air and surface transportation. The table can be used to determine the mailability of a hazardous material if the proper shipping name of the material is known. When only the UN number is known, Appendix B, "Numerical Listing of Proper Shipping Names by Identification (ID) Number," can be used to locate a proper shipping name for cross referencing back to Appendix A. The mailability information in Appendix A is based on DMM C023, the guidelines in this publication, and past postal mailability rulings. The table does not include specific information for international mail because almost all hazardous materials are prohibited in international mail. See Chapter 6 for the specific requirements that apply to international mail. 33 Hazard Classes 331 Nine Classes Every hazardous material is assigned to one of nine hazard classes as defined in 49 CFR 172.101 and 173. The nine hazard classes are as follows: a. Class 1: Explosives. b. Class 2: Gases. c. Class 3: Flammable and Combustible Liquids. d. Class 4: Flammable Solids. e. Class 5: Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides. f. Class 6: Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances. g. Class 7: Radioactive Materials. h. Class 8: Corrosives. i. Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials. Some of the nine classes are further separated into divisions based on their physical or chemical properties, as shown in Exhibit 331. Exhibit 331 (p. 1) DOT Hazard Classes and Postal Mailability Domestic Mail Class Name of Hazard Class (and Division when applicable) Air Transportation Surface Transportation International Mail 1 Explosives Division 1.1: Mass Explosive Hazard Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Division 1.2: Projection Hazard Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Division 1.3: Fire and/or Minor Blast/Minor Projection Hazard Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Division 1.4: Minor Explosion Hazard Prohibited Only with prior HQ approval per 341 Prohibited Division 1.5: Very Insensitive With Mass Explosion Hazard Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited Division 1.6: Extremely Insensitive; No Mass Explosion Hazard Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited 2 Gases Division 2.1: Flammable Gases Prohibited Only ORM-D material per 342 Prohibited Division 2.2: Nonflammable Gases Only ORM-D material per 342 Only ORM-D material per 342 Prohibited Division 2.3: Toxic Gases Prohibited Prohibited Prohibited 3 Flammable and Combustible Liquids All Flammable Liquids Prohibited Only ORM-D material per 343 Prohibited All Combustible Liquids Only ORM-D material per 343 Only ORM-D material per 343 Prohibited 4 Flammable Solids Division 4.1: Flammable Solids Prohibited Only ORM-D material per 344 Prohibited Division 4.2: Spontaneously Combustible Prohibited Only ORM-D material per 344 Prohibited Division 4.3: Dangerous When Wet Prohibited Only ORM-D material per 344 Prohibited 5 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides Division 5.1: Oxidizing Substances Only ORM-D material per 345 Only ORM-D material per 345 Prohibited Division 5.2: Organic Peroxides Only ORM-D material per 345 Only ORM-D material per 345 Prohibited Exhibit 331 (p. 2) DOT Hazard Classes and Postal Mailability Domestic Mail Class Name of Hazard Class (and Division when applicable) Air Transportation Surface Transportation International Mail 6 Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances Division 6.1: Toxic Substances ORM-D material per 346; other poisons as permitted in 346.231 ORM-D material per 346; other poisons as permitted in 346.231 Prohibited Division 6.2: Infectious Substances Only as permitted in 346 Only as permitted in 346 Only registered air letters per 622 7 Radioactive Material Prohibited Only per 347 Only registered air letters per 622 8 Corrosives (Liquids And Solids) Only ORM-D material per 348 Only ORM-D material per 348 Prohibited 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials ORM-D material and other materials as permitted in 349 ORM-D material and other materials as permitted in 349 Prohibited, except for magnetized materials per 349 and 622.4 332 Limited Quantity A limited quantity of a hazardous material is the maximum amount of a specific hazardous material exempted from the DOT labeling or packaging requirements in 49 CFR. To be eligible to be shipped under DOT's limited quantity provision, a hazardous material must be authorized an exemption in column 8A of the Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101. Not every hazardous material is eligible to be shipped as a limited quantity. Under postal mailing rules, a material meeting the eligibility criteria for shipment as a limited quantity is mailable only if it can be further reclassed as an ORM-D material (see 333). Not every hazardous material permitted to be shipped as a limited quantity can qualify as an ORM-D material. Those that cannot are not eligible for mailing, except as specifically permitted in DMM C023 and this publication. 333 ORM-D Materials Some of the hazardous materials that qualify under the limited quantity provision are permitted a further exemption in 49 CFR 172.101 (column 8A) to be reclassified as an ORM-D material under 49 CFR 173.144 and renamed with the proper shipping name "Consumer Commodity," which is defined in Appendix D. A mailable ORM-D material is additionally subject to the mailability and quantity limits in DMM C023 and this publication, as applicable. Most mailable hazardous materials fall within the ORM-D category. ORM-D materials present the lowest level of risk during transportation. The ORM-D category is unique to the United States. Its use is prohibited with international shipments of hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the mailer to know the correct hazard class of a hazardous material prior to mailing (see 323). In those instances where assistance is needed to determine eligibility for mailing, the mailer may request a ruling from the RCSC (see 215.2 and DMM C023.1.5). 334 Small Quantity 334.1 Definition A small quantity is the maximum amount of a specific hazardous material that is not subject to any DOT requirements (i.e., packaging, marking, labeling) other than those in 49 CFR 173.4. Not every hazardous material is eligible to be shipped as a small quantity. Additionally, for postal purposes Class 7 materials are not permitted to be sent as a small quantity. The DOT small quantity provision, like the DOT ORM-D category, is unique to the United States. Its use is prohibited with international shipments of hazardous materials and cannot be used in international mail. 334.2 Mailability Hazardous materials in Class 3, Division 4.1, Division 4.2 (Packing Groups II and III only), Division 4.3 (Packing Groups II and III only), Division 5.1, Division 5.2, Division 6.1 (Packing Groups II and III only), Class 8, and Class 9 are eligible to be sent in the domestic mail under the small quantity provision only when each primary receptacle is limited to the following quantity, as applicable: a. 30 ml (1 oz) or less for liquids other than Division 6.1 (Packaging Group I) materials. b. 30 g (1 oz) or less for solids other than Division 6.1 (Packaging Group I) materials. c. 1 g (0.04 oz) or less for Division 6.1 (Packing Group I) materials. 334.3 Packaging and Marking Hazardous materials eligible to be shipped under the small quantity provision permitted in 49 CFR and 334.2 must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 10A in Appendix C. Each mailpiece that qualifies to be sent under the small quantity provision must be clearly marked on the address side with the following words: "This package conforms to 49 CFR 173.4.Inches 335 Packaging Requirements for Hazardous Materials 335.1 DOT Packing Groups Hazardous materials in Classes 1, 3-6, and 8-9 are assigned to a DOT packing group based on the degree of danger presented by the material during transport. The packing group assigned to a hazardous material is listed in column 5 of the Hazardous Material Table in 49 CFR 172.101 and in column (d) of Appendix A. Packing Group I indicates a great danger, Packing Group II a medium danger, and Packing Group III a minor danger. 335.2 Postal Packaging Instructions For mailing purposes, the packaging of a mailable hazardous material must follow the appropriate Packaging Instruction in Appendix C. The correct Packaging Instruction to use for a specific hazardous material can be determined using Appendix A. Mailers may not package or combine hazardous materials assigned to different hazard classes within a single mailpiece unless permitted by postal standard. 336 Nonmailable Materials Found in the Mailstream When any mailpiece containing a nonmailable hazardous material is found in the mailstream, the procedures in POM 139.117 must be followed if the materials present an immediate threat to persons or property. The procedures in POM 139.118 are followed when there is no immediate threat to persons or property. 34 Mailability by Hazard Class 341 Explosives (Hazard Class 1) 341.1 Definition An explosive is any substance or article, including a device, that is designed to function by explosion (i.e., an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion, unless the substance or article is otherwise classed under the provisions in 49 CFR. 341.11 Class 1 Divisions Hazard Class 1 has six divisions as follows: a. Division 1.1 consists of explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. Examples are black powder, nitroglycerine (desensitized), dynamite, most types of torpedoes, and mercury fulminate. b. Division 1.2 consists of explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. Examples are certain types of fireworks, some types of detonating fuses, and some types of ammunition. c. Division 1.3 consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard. Examples are sodium picramate, some liquid and solid propellants, and some rocket motors. d. Division 1.4 consists of explosives that present a minor blast hazard. Examples are common fireworks, toy caps, empty primed grenades, and some small arms ammunition. e. Division 1.5 consists of very insensitive explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. Examples are type E blasting agents, some type B blasting agents, and very insensitive explosive substances. f. Division 1.6 consists of extremely insensitive articles that do not have a mass explosion hazard. 341.12 Class 1 Compatibility Codes Each division in Class 1 is further assigned a compatibility group code. The compatibility code consists of one letter (A-H, J-L, N, or S) that is positioned after the division number (e.g., 1.1A, 1.2C, 1.4S, etc.) and refers to the transportation and storage controls necessary to prevent potential hazards. See 49 CFR 173.52 for a more detailed description of the Class 1 compatibility codes. 341.2 Mailability, Packaging, and Marking Explosives are generally prohibited from mailing under 18 U.S.C. 1716. The following conditions apply to the mailing of explosives: a. International Mail. All explosives are prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. All explosives are prohibited. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. Generally, explosives are prohibited. The only exceptions are for Division 1.4S toy propellant devices and safety fuses that have been approved by the Manager, Business Mail Acceptance, USPS Headquarters, Washington, DC prior to mailing as stated in 341.22 and DMM C023.2.0. 341.21 Nonmailable Explosives Nonmailable explosives found in the mailstream must be immediately reported in accordance with POM 139.117. Nonmailable explosives include, but are not limited to, the following: a. Common Fireworks. Fireworks are classified as Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4 explosives depending on the degree of hazard. Fireworks include roman candles, skyrockets, helicopter-type rockets, cylindrical and cone fountains, pyrotechnic wheels, illuminating torches, firecrackers, salutes, and combinations of items that are designed to produce any of the aforementioned types of effects. All types of fireworks are prohibited from mailing. b. Fuses. Fuses are classified as Division 1.3 or 1.4 explosives depending on the degree of hazard. All types of fuses (except safety fuses as permitted under 341.22) are prohibited from mailing. c. Small Arms Ammunition. Ammunition is classified as a Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4 explosive depending on the degree of hazard. Ammunition that is regulated as a Class 1 explosive and designed to be fired from a pistol, revolver, rifle, or shotgun, as well as associated primers and blank cartridges (including those designed for tools) and propellant powder for use in any firearm, is prohibited from mailing. 341.22 Mailable Explosives The following specific types of explosives may be mailed only when the applicable conditions are met. Full responsibility rests with the mailer to comply with DOT and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) regulations before mailing. a. Toy Propellant Devices. The proper shipping name for a toy propellant device is "model rocket motor" or "igniters." A toy propellant device assigned UN0454 or NA0323 and classed as a Division 1.4S explosive is eligible for mailing in domestic mail via surface transportation only when prior written permission has been obtained from the Manager, Business Mail Acceptance, USPS Headquarters, Washington, DC. A device approved for mailing is subject to the following conditions: (1) Each device must be ignitable by electrical means only; contain no more than 62.5 g (2.23 oz) of propellant; and produce less than 80 newton seconds of total impulse with thrust duration not less than 0.050 second. (2) Each device must be constructed so that all chemical ingredients are preloaded into a cylindrical paper or similarly constructed nonmetallic tube that does not fragment into sharp, hard pieces; must be designed so that it will not burst under normal conditions of use; must be incapable of spontaneous ignition under 500 degrees F; and must not contain any type of explosive or pyrotechnic warhead other than a small, activation-charge parachute- recovery system. (3) Each mailpiece containing approved devices must be prepared for mailing following Packaging Instruction 1A in Appendix C. A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is required. b. Safety Fuses (UN0105). Safety fuses consist of a core of black powder overspun with yarns, waterproofing compounds, and/or tapes. Safety fuses assigned UN0105 as a Division 1.4S explosive may be mailed in domestic mail via surface transportation only when prior written approval has been granted by the Manager, Business Mail Acceptance, USPS Headquarters, Washington, DC. Mailable safety fuses must be prepared using Packaging Instruction 1B in Appendix C. A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is required. Note: "Fuses" are not to be confused with "fusees." Fusees are rail and highway distress signals that are nonmailable Class 4 flammable solids. c. Shotgun Hulls, Empty Casings, Nonmetallic Shotgun Hulls, or Casings Without Primers. These articles are not classified as explosives or hazardous materials under 49 CFR, and therefore are mailable subject to the applicable mailing rules. 342 Gases (Hazard Class 2) 342.1 Definition Hazard Class 2 consists of three divisions: a. Division 2.1, Flammable Gases. A material that is a gas at 68 degrees F (20 degrees C) or less and 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa) of pressure. Flammable gases also include materials that have a boiling point of 68 degrees F (20 degrees C) or less at 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa) and that are ignitable at 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air or that have a flammable range at 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa) with air of at least 12 percent regardless of the lower limit. These conditions must be established in accordance with ASTM E681-85, Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals, or other approved equivalent method. The flammability of aerosols must be determined using the tests specified in 49 CFR 173.306(i). b. Division 2.2, Nonflammable, Nontoxic Gases. A material that does not meet the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3 and exerts in its packaging an absolute pressure of 40.6 psia (280 kPa) or greater at 68 degrees F (20 degrees C). c. Division 2.3, Toxic Gases. A material that is poisonous by inhalation and is a gas at 68 degrees F (20 degrees C) or less and a pressure of 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa), or a material that has a boiling point of 68 degrees F (20 degrees C) or less at 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa). 342.2 Mailability The following conditions apply to the mailing of gases: a. International Mail. All gases are prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. Flammable gases in Division 2.1 and toxic gases in Division 2.3 are prohibited. Nonflammable gases in Division 2.2 are generally permitted if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and meet the quantity limitations and packaging requirements in 342.3 and 342.4. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. Toxic gases in Division 2.3 are prohibited. Flammable gases in Division 2.1 and nonflammable gases in Division 2.2 are generally permitted if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and meet the quantity limitations and packaging requirements in 342.3 and 342.4. 342.21 Nonmailable Gases When any gas that is nonmailable is discovered in the mailstream, the procedures in POM 139.117 must be followed if the materials present an immediate threat to persons or property. The procedures in POM 139.118 are followed when there is no immediate threat to persons or property. The following are some specific types of nonmailable gases: a. Cigarette Lighters (NA1226). Generally, lighters charged with fuel and having an ignition system or any similar heating, lighting, or ignition device are a Class 3 flammable liquid and are nonmailable. However, if an approval number is obtained from DOT, consideration for mailing may be requested from the RCSC manager under the provisions in 343.24 and DMM C023.4.4. b. Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid. Liquid oxygen (UN1073) is prohibited from mailing under any circumstances. c. Fire Extinguishers. The following types of fire extinguishers are prohibited from mailing: (1) Fire extinguishers (UN1044) that have sulfuric acid in inside containers surrounded by bicarbonate of soda or chlorosulfonic acid in hermetically sealed bottles enclosed within metal containers. (2) Fire extinguishers (UN0275, UN0276, UN0323, or UN0381) that contain propellant explosives. Note: See 342.22 for mailable types of fire extinguishers. d. Toxic Gases. All Division 2.3 toxic gases are prohibited from mailing. 342.22 Mailable Gases The following are examples of mailable gases: a. Butane. Butane (UN1011) and Receptacles, small (UN2037) with butane or butane mixtures are Division 2.1 flammable gases. Butane gases that can qualify as ORM-D materials are acceptable only in domestic mail via surface transportation when properly prepared under 342.3 and Packaging Instruction 2A in Appendix C. b. Oxygen, Compressed. Oxygen (UN1072) is a Division 2.2 nonflammable gas and is acceptable in domestic mail only if it can be reclassified as an ORM-D material. The requirements in 342.3 and Packaging Instruction 2B in Appendix C must be followed. c. Propane. Propane is a Division 2.1 flammable gas and is acceptable in domestic mail via surface transportation only if it can be reclassified as an ORM-D material. The requirements in 342.3 and Packaging Instruction 2A in Appendix C must be followed. Propane is nonmailable in domestic mail via air transportation. d. Fire Extinguishers. Extinguishers that contain a Division 2.2 nonflammable compressed gas and are assigned UN1044 are mailable if they do not contain methyl bromide gas mixtures and the contents are held in DOT specification 2P or 2Q containers. Only one extinguisher per mailpiece is permitted, and the compressed gas contained within the fire extinguisher must be nonflammable, nonpoisonous, or noncorrosive as required under 49 CFR 173.309(a). The requirements in Packaging Instruction 2B in Appendix C must be followed. Note: Fire extinguishers assigned UN1774 are mailable as Class 8 corrosives subject to the limitations for corrosives in 348 and DMM C023.10.0. e. Empty Compressed Gas Containers. Empty used containers of compressed gas are mailable subject to the same restrictions that applied when the container was filled (because residual amounts of the hazardous material might remain present). Empty, unused (i.e., new) containers are mailable without restriction. f. Aerosol Paint Products. Aerosol paint products that are defined as flammable compressed gases are acceptable in the domestic mail via surface transportation only if they can qualify as ORM-D materials and meet the quantity limitations and applicable packaging requirements in 342.3, 342.4, and DMM C023.3.0. g. Other Mailable Gases. Materials whose contents are under pressure, such as carbonated beverages, biological/medical products, cosmetics, foodstuffs and soaps, electronic tubes, and audible fire alarm systems (except for any that may contain poisonous gases or others that may be specifically excluded by 49 CFR 173.306), are acceptable in the domestic mail as follows: (1) Carbonated Beverages. These items are not regulated as hazardous materials and are acceptable without restriction. Carbonated beverages must be properly packaged under DMM C010. (2) Biological Products or Medical Preparations. A product or preparation in a nonrefillable metal primary receptacle charged with a nonflammable solution (containing a biological product or a medical preparation that heat could deteriorate) may be accepted for domestic surface mail only, provided the conditions in Packaging Instruction 2F in Appendix C are followed. (3) Foodstuffs and Soaps. These materials are mailable provided the conditions in Packaging Instruction 2D in Appendix C are met. (4) Electronic Tubes. These materials are mailable without restriction if the volume is 30 cubic inches or less and the tube is charged with gas to a pressure of 35 psig or less. Such tubes must be packed in a strong outer container and meet the general packaging requirements in DMM C010. (5) Audible Fire Alarm Systems. An audible fire alarm system powered by a compressed gas is acceptable in the domestic mail via surface transportation provided the conditions for Packaging Instruction 2E in Appendix C are followed. 342.3 Packaging Mailable compressed gases must be packaged to protect valves and fittings and to ensure integrity of the primary receptacle during transport. Containers must use recessed valves, screw thread caps, tap closures, or other means to prevent accidental discharge. The following conditions apply: a. Nonmetal Containers. A mailable gas is acceptable in an other-than-metal primary receptacle if the water capacity is 4 fluid ounces (7.22 cubic inches) or less. Packaging Instruction 2A or 2B, as applicable, must be followed. b. Metal Containers. Mailable nonflammable and flammable compressed gases are acceptable in metal primary receptacles that have a water capacity up to 33.8 fluid ounces (1 liter or 61.0 cubic inches). The liquid content of the material and the gas must not completely fill the primary receptacle at 130 degrees F (55 degrees C). Additionally, the following apply: (1) A DOT 2P container must be used if the internal pressure is from 140 psig to 160 psig at 130 degrees F (55 degrees C). (2) A DOT 2Q container must be used if the pressure is from 161 psig to 180 psig at 130 degrees F (55 degrees C). (3) A container with an internal pressure over 180 psig at 130 degrees F (55 degrees C) is prohibited from mailing. (4) Packaging Instruction 2A or 2B, as applicable, must be followed. c. Flammable Gases. A mailable flammable compressed gas is restricted to 4 fluid ounces in a nonmetal primary receptacle or 33.8 fluid ounces (1 liter) in a metal primary receptacle per mailpiece. Multiple primary receptacles are not permitted. Packaging Instruction 2A must be followed. d. Nonflammable Gases. A mailable nonflammable gas is permitted in individual 4 fluid ounce nonmetal primary receptacle(s) or 33.8 fluid ounce (1 liter) metal primary receptacle(s). Multiple primary receptacles may be securely packed within a single strong outer packaging up to a weight of 66 pounds (30 kg) per mailpiece, unless otherwise prohibited. Packaging Instruction 2B must be followed. 342.4 Marking and Documentation For air transportation, parcels containing mailable gases must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "ORM-D AIR" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., Consumer Commodity). A properly completed shipper's declaration for dangerous goods prepared in triplicate must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece. For surface transportation, parcels containing mailable gases must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "Surface Mail Only" and "ORM-D" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., consumer commodity). A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required for mailable gases sent via surface transportation. 342.5 Mailability Rulings In addition to the information required in 215.2 and DMM C023.1.5, requests for mailability rulings on gases and products containing compressed gases need to include the following information: a. Documentation indicating whether or not the contents are a flammable mixture when dispersed. b. The internal pressure within the primary receptacle at 70 degrees F (21 degrees C) and 130 degrees F (55 degrees C). c. Documentation as to whether or not the liquid contents completely fill the container at 70 degrees F (21 degrees C) and 130 degrees F (55 degrees C). d. The bursting strength of the primary receptacle. e. The capacity of the primary receptacle and the number of primary receptacles proposed to be packed within a single mailpiece. f. The design methods intended to prevent accidental discharge of the contents. 343 Flammable and Combustible Liquids (Hazard Class 3) 343.1 Definition The terms used in the standards that apply to Hazard Class 3 are defined as follows: a. Flammable Liquid means a liquid that has a flashpoint of not more than 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C), or any material in a liquid phase that has a flashpoint at or above 100 degrees F (38 degrees C). b. Combustible Liquid means any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flashpoint above 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C) and below 200 degrees F (93 degrees C). A flammable liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class may be reclassified as a combustible liquid per 49 CFR 173.120(b). Note: A liquid with a flashpoint above 200 degrees F (93 degrees C) is not regulated as a hazardous material and may be mailed subject to the general packaging requirements in DMM C010 provided it possesses no characteristics of another hazard class. 343.2 Mailability and Packaging 343.21 Requirements for Flammable Liquids The following conditions apply: a. International Mail. Flammable liquid is prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. Flammable liquid is prohibited. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. Flammable liquid with a flashpoint of 20 degrees F (minus 7 degrees C) or below is prohibited. Other flammable liquid is permitted if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and meet the criteria in Exhibit 343.21. A mailable flammable liquid must be prepared according to Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C, as applicable. Exhibit 343.21 Flammable Liquids Flashpoint Mailability 20 degrees F (minus 7 degrees C) or below Not acceptable for mailing. Above 20 degrees F (minus 7 degrees C) but not more than 73 degrees F (23 degrees C) Acceptable (with restrictions) for domestic mail via surface transportation only. Follow requirements for Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C, as applicable. Above 73 degrees F (23 degrees C) but less than 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) Acceptable (with restrictions) for domestic mail via surface transportation only. Follow requirements for Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C, as applicable. 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) and up to 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C) Acceptable (with restrictions) for domestic mail via surface transportation only. Follow requirements for Packaging Instruction 3A or 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. Note: If the flashpoint is between 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) and 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C), the liquid may be eligible to be reclassed as a combustible liquid. Over 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C) See combustible liquids in 343.22. Follow requirements for Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C. 343.22 Requirements for Combustible Liquids The following conditions apply: a. International Mail. Combustible liquid is prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. Combustible liquid is permitted if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and meet the criteria in Exhibit 343.22. Packaging Instruction 3B in Appendix C must be followed, as applicable. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. Combustible liquid is permitted if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and meet the criteria in Exhibit 343.22. Packaging Instruction 3B in Appendix C must be followed, as applicable. Exhibit 343.22 Combustible Liquids Flashpoint Mailability Below 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) Not a combustible liquid. See flammable liquids in 343.21. 100 degrees F (38 degrees C) but not more than 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C) A flammable liquid that may be eligible to be reclassified as a combustible liquid under 49 CFR 173.120(b). See 343.1b. Acceptable (with restrictions) in domestic mail via surface transportation only. Follow requirements for Packaging Instruction 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. Above 141 degrees F (60.5 degrees C) but not more than 200 degrees F (93 degrees C) Acceptable (with restrictions) for domestic mail via air transportation or surface transportation. Follow requirements for Packaging Instruction 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. Note: Liquids having a flashpoint above 200 degrees F (93 degrees C) are acceptable without restrictions for domestic mail via air or surface transportation. See 343.1. 343.23 Nonmailable Flammable and Combustible Liquids When flammable liquids and combustible liquids that are nonmailable under 343.21 or 343.22 and DMM C023.4.0 are found in the mailstream, the procedures in POM 139.117 must be followed if the materials present an immediate threat to persons or property. The procedures in POM 139.118 are to be followed when there is no immediate threat to persons or property. The following materials are nonmailable: a. All flammable liquids having a flashpoint of 20 degrees F (minus 7 degrees C) or below are prohibited from mailing. b. Gasoline (UN1203) is a flammable liquid that normally has a flashpoint of -50 degrees F. Gasoline is nonmailable under any circumstances. 343.24 Mailable Flammable and Combustible Liquids The following are mailable: a. Paint or a related item (UN1263) classified as a flammable or combustible liquid is generally acceptable for mailing provided the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and is sent within the quantity limitations and packaging requirements stated in 343.21 or 343.22, as applicable. Also see 343.26. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A or 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. b. Latex Paint or a similar water-based paint product that is not flammable or combustible is not regulated as a hazardous material, and therefore is not restricted. Also see 343.26. Mailpieces must be properly packaged under DMM C010. c. Canned Heat (Sterno) is a flammable liquid that normally has a flashpoint from 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) to 80 degrees F (27 degrees C). It is permitted only in domestic mail via surface transportation provided the liquid can qualify as an ORM-D material and is sent within the quantity limitations and packaging requirements stated in 343.21. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C. d. Cigarette Lighter Fluid is a flammable liquid that normally has a flashpoint between 20 degrees F (minus 7 degrees C) and 55 degrees F (13 degrees C). It is permitted only in domestic mail via surface transportation provided the fluid can qualify as an ORM-D material and is sent within the conditions of 343.21 and 343.25. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3C in Appendix C. e. Diesel Fuel (NA1993) is a combustible liquid that normally has a flashpoint between 110 degrees F (43 degrees C) and 190 degrees F (88 degrees C). It is acceptable for mailing provided the fluid can qualify as an ORM-D material and the liquid is sent within the conditions in 343.22. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3B in Appendix C. f. Fuel Oil (NA1993) is a flammable liquid that normally has a flashpoint below 100 degrees F (38 degrees C). The specific flashpoint must be accurately identified by the mailer before a mailability determination can be made. Fuel oil is acceptable in the domestic mail via surface transportation only provided the liquid can qualify as an ORM-D material and is sent within the conditions of 343.21 or 343.22, as applicable. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C. g. Adhesives and Cements (UN1133) that are classified as flammable or combustible liquids are mailable only if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and the applicable conditions in 343.21 or 343.22 are met. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A or 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. Note: Some adhesives and cements are extremely toxic and may be classified as Division 6.1 toxic substances. Division 6.1 materials are mailable only as permitted in 346.21. h. Cleaning Agents and Solvents that are classified as flammable liquids are mailable only if the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and the applicable conditions in 343.21 can be met. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C. Note: Some cleaning agents and solvents are extremely toxic and/or corrosive and may be classified as either a Division 6.1 toxic substance or a Class 8 corrosive. Division 6.1 toxic materials and Class 8 corrosives are permitted only within the conditions of 346.21 and 348.2, respectively. i. Model Fuel (for glow plug engines) is a flammable liquid that has a flashpoint ranging from 65 degrees F to 75 degrees F. It is acceptable only in the domestic mail via surface transportation provided the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and the applicable conditions in 343.21 are met. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A in Appendix C. j. Waxes and Polishes have a wide range of flashpoints. The flashpoint and toxicity must be accurately identified by the mailer before mailability can be determined. Any waxes or polishes that are flammable or combustible liquids are permitted to be mailed provided the material can qualify as an ORM-D material and the applicable conditions in 343.21 and 343.22 are met. Mailpieces must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 3A or 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. 343.25 Cigarette Lighters A cigarette lighter equipped with an ignition element and containing fuel is classified as a Class 3 flammable liquid. A cigarette lighter containing a flammable gas is classed as a Division 2.1 flammable gas. A cigarette lighter that contains either flammable liquid or flammable gas is permitted only in the domestic mail via surface transportation with prior written approval and within these conditions: a. The design of the lighter and its packaging are approved by the DOT Associate Administrator for Hazardous Material Safety, per 49 CFR 173.21(i) and 173.308, and a DOT Approval Number (T-Number) is issued. b. The prospective mailer of the lighter submits to the appropriate RCSC manager a written request for authorization to mail the lighter, accompanied by a legible photocopy of the official DOT notice conveying the approval described in 343.25a, along with a specimen of the actual lighter, the packaging materials in which each lighter is to be mailed, and the number of mailpieces and mailing location; and the mailer receives from the RCSC manager a letter approving the requested authorization for mailing. c. The packaging must be designed to protect the lighter's sparking mechanism from accidental ignition caused by friction or external pressure during transport. Packaging Instruction 3C in Appendix C must be followed. d. When presented for mailing, the address side of the mailpiece must prominently display the proper shipping name "Lighter for Cigarette" followed by the T-Number, and the marking "Surface Mail Only"; all preparation and packaging requirements in the RCSC manager's approval letter must be met; and a legible photocopy of the RCSC manager's approval must accompany the mailing at the time of deposit. e. A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required. 343.26 Paints, Paint Related Materials, and Inks The following definitions apply: a. Paint (UN1263) is the proper shipping name and description for paint, lacquer, enamel, stain, shellac, varnish, liquid aluminum, liquid bronze, liquid gold, liquid wood filler, and liquid lacquer base. Paint related material (UN1263) is the proper shipping name and description for a paint-thinning, paint-drying, paint-reducing, or paint-removing compound. See 343.24a and b for mailability. b. Inks are defined as colored liquids used for writing, drawing, etc., and liquids and pastes used in printing. Printing inks usually are mixtures of finely divided pigments, such as carbon black suspended in a drying oil. Inks having hazardous characteristics are generally classified as combustible or flammable liquids and are mailable provided they can qualify as an ORM-D material and meet the applicable requirements in 343.21 or 343.22. Mailpieces must be prepared using Packaging Instruction 3A or 3B in Appendix C, as applicable. In addition, the following conditions apply: (1) Regardless of the size or type of container, the primary receptacle(s) containing inks must be cushioned with sufficient absorbent material to take up all liquid contents in case of leakage. (2) The primary receptacle(s) and the absorbent cushioning material must be packed within a sealed, leakproof outer packaging. (3) Inks that are flammable or combustible liquids must meet the quantity restrictions, packaging requirements, and air or surface transportation conditions that apply under 343.2. Note: Inks that do not possess any hazardous characteristics are not regulated as hazardous materials and are mailable if properly prepared under the requirements for packaging liquids in DMM C010. 343.3 Marking and Documentation For air transportation, parcels containing mailable Class 3 materials must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "ORM-D AIR" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., Consumer Commodity). A properly completed shipper's declaration for dangerous goods prepared in triplicate must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece. For surface transportation, parcels containing mailable Class 3 materials must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "Surface Mail Only" and "ORM-D" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., consumer commodity). A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required for mailable Class 4 materials sent via surface transportation. Cigarette lighters must be marked as specified in 343.25. 344 Flammable Solids (Hazard Class 4) 344.1 Definition Hazard Class 4 consists of three divisions: a. Division 4.1, Flammable Solids. Any solid material other than one classed as an explosive that, under conditions normally incident to transportation, is likely to cause fires through friction or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be ignited readily and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious transportation hazard. b. Division 4.2, Spontaneously Combustible. A liquid or solid pyrophoric material that even in small amounts and without an external ignition source can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air, or a self-heating material that when in contact with air and without an energy supply is liable to self-heat. c. Division 4.3, Dangerous When Wet. A material that, by contact with water, is likely to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of the material per hour. Examples of flammable solids include certain metallic hydrides, metallic sodium and potassium, oily fabrics, processed metals, matches, and nitrocellulose products. 344.2 Mailability The following conditions apply: a. International Mail. All flammable solids are prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. All flammable solids are prohibited. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. A flammable solid that can qualify as an ORM-D material is permitted. 344.21 Nonmailable Flammable Solids When flammable solids that are nonmailable under 344 and DMM C023.5.0 are found in the mailstream, the procedures in POM 139.117 must be followed if the materials present an immediate threat to persons or property. The procedures in POM 139.118 are followed when there is no immediate threat to persons or property. Strike-anywhere matches are nonmailable in international mail and domestic mail. Safety matches (book, card, or strike-on-box) are nonmailable in international and domestic mail via air transportation. 344.22 Mailable Flammable Solids The following are mailable: a. Flammable solids that are eligible to be reclassed as ORM-D materials are permitted in the domestic mail via surface transportation. b. Safety matches (book, card, or strike-on-box) are permitted only in domestic mail via surface transportation. 344.3 Packaging, Marking, and Documentation The following conditions apply: a. Mailable Flammable Solids. The conditions in Packaging Instruction 4A in Appendix C must be followed. Mailpieces containing mailable Class 4 materials must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "ORM-D" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., Consumer Commodity). A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required. b. Matches. The conditions in Packaging Instruction 4B in Appendix C must be followed. Mailpieces must be plainly and durable marked on the address side with "Surface Mail Only" and, as applicable, "Book Matches," "Strike-on-Card Matches," or "Card Matches." A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required. 345 Oxidizing Substances, Organic Peroxides (Hazard Class 5) 345.1 Definition Hazard Class 5 consists of two divisions: a. Division 5.1, Oxidizing Substances. A material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials. b. Division 5.2, Organic Peroxides. Any organic compound that contains oxygen in the bivalent structure and that may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. Examples of Class 5 materials (not all of which are mailable) include ferric nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, lead perchlorate, lithium nitrate, organic peroxide solids or liquids, and some swimming pool chemicals. 345.2 Mailability The following conditions apply: a. International Mail. All oxidizing substances and organic peroxides are prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air or Surface Transportation. An oxidizing substance or an organic peroxide that can qualify as an ORM-D material is permitted. 345.21 Nonmailable Class 5 Materials When nonmailable Class 5 materials are found in the mailstream, the procedures in POM 139.117 must be followed if the materials present an immediate threat to persons or property. The procedures in POM 139.118 are followed when there is no immediate threat to persons or property. The following Class 5 materials are nonmailable: a. Division 5.1, Oxidizing Substances. (1) Calcium chlorite. (2) Chlorine dioxide hydrate, frozen. (3) Hydrogen peroxide solution (more than 20 percent). (4) Perchloric acid. (5) Potassium peroxide. (6) Sodium chlorite. (7) Tetranitromethane. (8) Zinc ammonium nitrate. b. Division 5.2, Organic Peroxides. Organic peroxides are nonmailable unless they can qualify as ORM-D materials. 345.22 Mailable Class 5 Materials The following Class 5 materials are mailable: a. ORM-D Material. A Division 5.1 or 5.2 material that can be reclassified as an ORM-D material is mailable within the requirements in 345.2b. b. Hydrogen Peroxide. There are no restrictions on Division 5.1 hydrogen peroxide solutions up to 8 percent. Solutions of hydrogen peroxide exceeding 8 percent and up to 20 percent are permitted if they can qualify as an ORM-D material. 345.3 Packaging, Marking, and Documentation All mailable Division 5.1 and 5.2 materials must be prepared following the conditions for Packaging Instruction 5A in Appendix C. For air transportation, a parcel containing a mailable Division 5.1 or 5.2 material must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "ORM-D AIR" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., Consumer Commodity). A properly completed shipper's declaration for dangerous goods prepared in triplicate must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece. For surface transportation, a parcel containing a mailable Division 5.1 or 5.2 material must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "Surface Mail Only" and "ORM-D" immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., consumer commodity). A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required for a mailable Division 5.1 or 5.2 material sent via surface transportation. 346 Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances (Hazard Class 6) 346.1 Definitions Hazard Class 6 consists of two divisions: a. Division 6.1 includes toxic substances and poisons. Examples of Division 6.1 materials (not all of which are mailable) include bromobenzyl cyanide, methyl bromide, motor fuel antiknock mixtures, and tear gas. b. Division 6.2 includes infectious substances. Examples of Division 6.2 materials include infectious substances (etiologic agents), biological products, clinical or diagnostic specimens, and medical waste. 346.11 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances The following terms are used in the standards for Division 6.1 materials: a. Toxic Substance is a poisonous material, other than a gas, that is known to be so toxic to humans as to cause death, injury, or harm to human health if swallowed, inhaled, or brought into contact with skin. b. Oral Toxicity refers to a liquid with a lethal dose (LD50) for acute oral toxicity of not more than 500 mg/kg or a solid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 200 mg/kg that when administered by mouth is likely to cause death within 14 days in half of the test animals. c. Dermal Toxicity refers to a material with an LD50 for acute dermal toxicity of not more than 1,000 mg/kg that, when administered by continuous contact with bare skin, is most likely to cause death within 14 days in half of the test animals. d. Inhalation Toxicity applies to a dust or mist with a lethal concentration (LC50) for acute inhalation toxicity of not more than 10 mg/L, or a saturated vapor concentration in air at 68 degreesF (20 degreesC) of more than one-fifth of the LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors and with an LC50 for acute inhalation toxicity of vapors of not more than 5,000 ml/m3, that when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour is most likely to cause death within 14 days in half of the test animals. e. Irritating Material is any liquid or solid substance (e.g., tear gas) that gives off intense fumes and causes extreme but reversible localized irritant effects on the eyes, nose, and throat, temporarily impairing a person's ability to function. No extremely toxic substance is included in this category. 346.12 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances The following terms are used in the standards for Division 6.2 materials: a. Infectious Substance (etiologic agent) means a viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes or may cause disease in human beings or animals, and includes those agents listed in 42 CFR 72.3 and any other agent that causes or may cause severe, disabling, or fatal disease. The terms "infectious substance" and "etiologic agent" are synonymous. b. Clinical (Diagnostic) Specimen means any human or animal material including, but not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood, blood components, tissue, and tissue fluids that have been collected and are being mailed to a medical or forensic laboratory for the purpose of diagnosis, or are being mailed from a medical or forensic laboratory for return to a law enforcement agency. c. Biological Product means a material derived from a living organism that is prepared and manufactured in accordance with 9 CFR 102-104 (licenses for biological products; experimental products, distribution, and evaluation prior to licensing; and permits for biological products), 21 CFR 312 (investigational new drug application), or 21 CFR 600-680 (biologics) and that, under such provisions, may be shipped in interstate commerce. Biological products include, but are not limited to, materials such as vaccines. d. Sharps means any item of medical waste having a projecting cutting edge or fine point that was used in animal or human patient care or treatment, or in medical research or industrial laboratories. The term includes, but is not limited to, hypodermic needles, syringes (with or without the attached needles), pasteur pipettes, scalpel blades, blood vials, needles with attached tubing, and culture dishes (regardless of whether infectious agents are present). Also included are other types of broken or unbroken glassware that were in contact with infectious agents, such as used slides or cover slips. The term does not include new, unused medical devices such as hypodermic needles, syringes, and scalpel blades. e. Other Used Medical Devices means all materials or devices used in animal or human patient care or treatment or in medical research that are not, or do not contain, a projecting sharp and are not known or not reasonably believed to contain an infectious substance (etiologic agent). 346.2 Mailability 346.21 General 346.211 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances a. International Mail. All Division 6.1 toxic substances or poisons and all irritating materials are prohibited. b. Domestic Mail via Air or Surface Transportation. Irritating materials are prohibited. A Division 6.1 toxic substance or poison that can qualify as an ORM-D material is permitted if all applicable conditions in 346 are met. Other poisonous materials are permitted to be mailed only between authorized parties under specific conditions as specified in 346.231b. 346.212 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances a. International Mail. Infectious and noninfectious biological substances are permitted in international mail only when sent as registered airmail letter packages and sent between the authorized senders and receivers with prior approval. See Chapter 6 and IMM 135 for specific requirements. Infectious substances are prohibited in international mail via surface transportation. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. Infectious substances (i.e., etiologic agents), clinical specimens, and biological products are permitted only when they are intended for medical or veterinary use, research, or laboratory certification related to public health, and when properly prepared for mailing to withstand shocks, pressure changes, and other conditions incident to ordinary handling in transit. Infectious substances may be sent only in the quantities allowed in DMM C023.8.0. The following conditions also apply: (1) Infectious Substances, which include clinical specimens and biological products that are known or reasonably believed to contain an etiologic agent, are subject to the requirements in 42 CFR 72.3 and DMM C023.8.3. Each mailpiece must be sent as Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail. Those specific etiologic agents listed in 42 CFR 72.3 must be sent registered First-Class Mail with a return receipt. (2) Clinical Specimens (e.g., a urine or blood specimen used in drug-testing programs or for insurance purposes) and biological products (e.g., polio vaccine), which include only those substances that are not known or not reasonably believed to contain an infectious substance (etiologic agent), are subject to the requirements in DMM C023.8.4. Mailable materials must be sent as Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail. (3) Sharps are permitted subject to the requirements in DMM C023.8.5 and must be mailed as Priority Mail or First-Class Mail with merchandise return service. An authorization is required prior to mailing as stated in 346.233 and DMM C023.8.5. (4) Other Used Medical Devices are permitted subject to the requirements in DMM C023.8.6. These materials must be sent as Express Mail, Priority Mail, or First-Class Mail. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. Division 6.2 materials are prohibited. 346.22 Nonmailable Class 6 Materials When hazardous materials that are nonmailable under 346.2, and DMM C023.7.0 and C023.8.0, are found in the mailstream, the procedures in POM 139.117 must be followed if the materials present an immediate threat to persons or property. The procedures in POM 139.118 are followed when there is no immediate threat to persons or property. 346.221 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances The following Division 6.1 materials are nonmailable: a. Toxic Substances. Any toxic material having an LD50 for oral toxicity of 50 mg/kg or less is nonmailable except when sent between authorized parties under the conditions permitted in 346.231b. Examples of nonmailable toxic materials include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) Aniline oil (UN1547). (2) Bromoacetone (UN1569). (3) 3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl isocyanate (UN2236). (4) Chloropicrin (UN1580). (5) Cyanogen bromide (UN1889). (6) Hexaethyl tetraphosphate, liquid or solid (UN1611). (7) Hydrocyanic acid aqueous solutions (UN1613). (8) Methyl bromide (UN1062). (9) Methyl parathion, liquid (NA3018). (10) Motor fuel antiknock mixtures (UN1649). (11) Organic phosphate compound (NA1955). (12) Parathion (NA2783). (13) Phenylcarbylamine chloride (UN1672). (14) Tetraethyl dithiopyrophosphate (UN1704). (15) Tetraethyl lead, liquid (NA1649). (16) Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid (NA3018). (17) Thiophosgene (UN2474). b. Irritating Materials. All irritating materials are nonmailable. Examples include the following: (1) Bromobenzyl cyanide (UN1694). (2) Chloroacetophenone (UN1697). (3) Diphenylamine chloroarsine (UN1698). (4) Diphenylchloroarsine (UN1699). (5) Tear gas (UN1700, NA1693, and UN1693), except for those containing oleoresin capsicum. 346.222 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances Division 6.2 materials are nonmailable as follows: a. Any mailpiece containing a total volume of more than 50 ml (1.66 oz) of an infectious substance (etiologic agent) is prohibited. b. Clinical specimens exceeding 4,000 ml per mailpiece are prohibited. c. Mailpieces containing sharps medical waste that exceed 35 pounds in weight or do not have the required authorization are prohibited. d. Mailpieces containing other used medical devices that exceed 35 pounds in weight are prohibited. 346.23 Mailable Class 6 Materials In addition to the mailable types of Division 6.1 and 6.2 materials cited in 346.21, the following materials are permitted to be mailed only within the conditions noted. 346.231 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances a. ORM-D Materials. A Division 6.1 toxic substance that can qualify as an ORM-D material is mailable when all applicable conditions are met. b. Toxic Substances with LD50 Oral Toxicity of 50 mg/kg or Less. A Division 6.1 toxic substance having an LD50 for oral toxicity of greater than 5 mg/kg but less than or equal to 50 mg/kg is mailable only when sent between the following authorized parties and under the specified conditions: (1) Toxic substances for scientific use (not outwardly or of their own force dangerous or injurious to life, health, or property) may be sent only between manufacturers, dealers, bona fide research or experimental scientific laboratories, and employees of federal, state, or local governments who have official use for such poisons and are designated by the agency head to receive or send such poisons. (2) Poisonous drugs and medicines may be sent only from the manufacturer or dealer of the drugs and medicines to licensed physicians, surgeons, dentists, pharmacists, druggists, cosmetologists, barbers, and veterinarians (18 U.S.C. 1716). 346.232 Other Nonregulated Toxic Materials Liquids and solids, such as pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, etc., that are not regulated as hazardous materials under 49 CFR are mailable subject to postal quantity restrictions that are based on the toxicity of the material. a. Liquids. Restrictions are as follows subject to the general packaging requirements in DMM C010: (1) A nonregulated toxic liquid having an LD50 of 50 to 500 mg/kg is permitted up to 16 fluid ounces per mailpiece. (2) A nonregulated toxic liquid having an LD50 of 500 to 2,500 mg/kg is permitted up to 32 fluid ounces in a glass primary receptacle, or up to 1 gallon in a nonglass primary receptacle. Only one primary receptacle is permitted per mailpiece. (3) A nonregulated toxic liquid having an LD50 of 2,500 to 5,000 mg/kg is permitted up to 1 gallon in a glass primary receptacle, or up to 2 gallons in a nonglass primary receptacle. Only one primary receptacle is permitted per mailpiece. (4) A nonregulated toxic liquid having an LD50 of greater than 5,000 mg/kg is permitted with no quantity restriction. (5) External markings specifying the contents and shipping papers are not required for nonregulated toxic liquids. b. Solids. Restrictions are as follows: (1) A nonregulated toxic solid for which an LD50 rate equivalent to liquids can be established is mailable under the same quantity restrictions for Division 6.1 toxic substances specified in Packaging Instruction 6A in Appendix C and DMM C023.7.0. (2) Packaging requirements for a nonregulated toxic solid are the same as those for Division 6.1 toxic substance (see Packaging Instruction 6A in Appendix C), except that up to 5 pounds may be contained in a single primary receptacle. Only one primary receptacle is permitted per mailpiece. (3) External markings specifying the contents and shipping papers are not required for nonregulated toxic solids. 346.233 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances Infectious substances (etiologic agents), clinical (diagnostic) specimens, biological products, sharps medical waste, and other used medical waste are permitted to be mailed within specific quantity limits and packaging conditions specified in 346.3 and DMM C023.8.0. For sharps medical waste, an authorization must be obtained prior to mailing by each manufacturer (or distributor) of a complete sharps mailing kit or packaging assembly (including all containers, cartons, and any other related material to be used to mail sharps to a storage or disposal facility). Before applying for an authorization, each type of mailing kit must be tested and certified by an independent testing facility using the test requirements cited in DMM C023.8.5. A written request for authorization is sent to the Manager, Business Mail Acceptance, USPS Headquarters. The request must contain the following: a. $50,000 surety bond or letter of credit as proof of sufficient financial responsibility to cover disposal costs if the manufacturer (or distributor) ceases doing business before all its shipping containers are disposed of, or to cover cleanup costs if spills occur while the containers are in USPS possession. b. Address of the headquarters or general business office of the applicant manufacturer (or distributor). c. Address of each disposal and storage site. d. List of all types of mailing kits to be covered by the request, a complete sample of each mailing kit, and proof of package testing certifications performed by the independent testing facility that subjected the packaging materials to the testing requirements in DMM C023.8.5. e. Copy of the proposed manifest to be used with all mailings. f. 24-hour telephone number for emergencies. g. List of the types of sharps waste to be mailed for disposal. Applicants who successfully fulfill all requirements receive a written approval letter from the manager and are assigned a unique authorization number that must be displayed on all sharps mailing container systems distributed for mail-back purposes. 346.3 Packaging 346.31 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances Mailable toxic substances must be prepared as follows: a. ORM-D Materials. The applicable requirements specified in 346.211 and 346.231 must be met. Packaging Instruction 6A in Appendix C must be followed. b. Toxic Substances with LD50 Oral Toxicity of 50 mg/kg or Less. The applicable requirements specified in 346.211 and 346.231 must be met. Packaging Instruction 6F in Appendix C must be followed. 346.32 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances The proper packaging for mailable Division 6.2 materials is as follows: a. Infectious Substances (Etiologic Agents). All infectious substances, clinical specimens, and biological products that are known or reasonably believed to contain an etiologic agent are subject to the requirements in 42 CFR 72.3. Mailable infectious substances, as specified in 346.212, must be prepared using Packaging Instruction 6B in Appendix C. An example of the required packaging is shown in Exhibit 346.32a. b. Clinical Specimens and Biological Products. A clinical specimen or biological product that is known or reasonably believed to contain an infectious substance (etiologic agent) must be packaged as an infectious substance under 346.32a. The packaging of a clinical specimen (e.g., a urine or blood specimen used in drug-testing programs or for insurance purposes) or a biological product (e.g., polio vaccine) that is not known or not reasonably believed to contain an infectious substance (etiologic agent) must be prepared using Packaging Instruction 6C in Appendix C. c. Sharps. Prior authorization is required to mail sharps waste, as stated in 346.233 and DMM C023.8.5. Approved mailing of sharps waste containers must be prepared following Packaging Instruction 6D in Appendix C. d. Other Used Medical Devices. USPS authorization is not required to mail other used medical devices. By definition in 346.12e and DMM C023.8.2e, other used medical devices do not include sharps waste or materials contaminated with infectious substances. Packaging for other used medical devices is subject to the requirements for Packaging Instruction 6E in Appendix C. Exhibit 346.32a Packaging of an Infectious Substance (Etiologic Agent) Picture not available Note: Measurement of outer packaging must be 3.9 x 3.9 x 3.9 inches or more. Maximum volume of infectious substance permitted is 50 ml (1.66 oz) per mailpiece. Separate marking and labeling requirements also apply. See Packaging Instruction 6B for complete information. 346.4 Marking, Labeling, and Documentation 346.41 Division 6.1, Toxic Substances a. ORM-D Materials. Each mailpiece must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with "ORM-D" or "ORM-D AIR," as applicable, immediately following or below the proper shipping name (i.e., Consumer Commodity). For air transportation, each mailpiece must bear a shipper's declaration for dangerous goods. Mailable material sent via surface transportation must be marked on the address side as "Surface Mail Only." b. Toxic Substances with LD50 Oral Toxicity of 50 mg/kg or Less. Each mailpiece must be plainly and durably marked on the address side with the proper shipping name and UN number of the material (unless exempted by DMM C024.11.2). Mailable materials sent via surface transportation must be marked on the address side as "Surface Mail Only." For air or surface transportation, each mailpiece must bear a shipper's declaration for dangerous goods. 346.42 Division 6.2, Infectious Substances The following conditions apply: a. Infectious Substances (Etiologic Agents). (1) Markings. Each mailpiece must be marked on the address side with the proper shipping name and UN number of the material. The proper shipping names and UN numbers are "Infectious Substances Affecting Animals, UN2900" or "Infectious Substances Affecting Humans, UN2814," as applicable. The outer packaging must also display proper UN package specification markings. (2) Labels. The address side of the mailpiece must bear the "Etiologic Agents/Biohazard Material" label required by 42 CFR 72.3(d). A black-and-white sample, not to size, is shown in Exhibit 346.42a. The mailpiece must also bear the Class 6 hazardous materials warning label for infectious substances (etiologic agents) required by 49 CFR 172.432. A sample, not to size, is shown in Exhibit 346.42b. (3) Documentation. A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is required. See 326. b. Clinical Specimens or Biological Products. (1) Markings. Mailpieces containing mailable clinical specimens or biological products (that do not contain an infectious substance) must be marked on the address side as "Clinical Specimen-Blood Sample," "Clinical Specimen-Urine Sample," "Biological Product," etc., as appropriate. (2) Labels. The outer packaging may bear the international biohazard symbol with either a fluorescent orange or fluorescent red background as shown in Exhibit 346.42c and DMM C023 Exhibit 8.5c(2). (3) Documentation. A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is not required. c. Sharps. (1) Markings. Mailable sharps waste must be marked on the address side with the proper shipping name and correct UN number, which is "Regulated Medical Waste, UN3291" followed by the word "Sharps." (2) Labels. The outer packaging must bear the international biohazard symbol with either a fluorescent orange or fluorescent red background as shown in Exhibit 346.42c and DMM C023 Exhibit 8.5c(2). Additionally, each primary receptacle and outer packaging must bear a label, which cannot be detached intact, showing the following: H Company name of the manufacturer or the distributor. H Container ID number (or unique model number). H Postal authorization number issued to signify the packaging system is certified and the manufacturer or distributor obtained an authorization as required by 346.233 and DMM C023.8.5a. (3) Manifest. All mailpieces containing used sharps must be accompanied by a four-part manifest or mail disposal service shipping record. The manifest must be placed in an envelope affixed to the outside of the shipping container. The manifest must comply with all applicable requirements imposed by the laws of the state from which the package is mailed. At a minimum, the information shown in DMM C023 Exhibit 8.5c(3) must be on the manifest. The manifest must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece. The manifest serves as the shipping paper required in 326. d. Other Used Medical Devices. (1) Markings. Mailpieces containing mailable other used medical devices must be marked on the address side with the proper shipping name and UN number, which is "Regulated Medical Waste, UN3291." (2) Labels. The outer packaging must bear the international biohazard symbol with either a fluorescent orange or fluorescent red background as shown in Exhibit 346.42c and DMM C023 Exhibit 8.5c(2). (3) Documentation. A shipper's declaration for dangerous goods is required unless a manifest accompanies the shipment due to state or federal requirements. The manifest must be affixed to the outside of the mailpiece and must be formatted to comply with all requirements imposed by the laws of the state from which the package is mailed. Exhibit 346.42a Etiologic Agent/Biohazard Material Label Picture of Label not available Exhibit 346.42b DOT Class 6 Infectious Substance Warning Label Picture of label not available Exhibit 346.42c Biohazard Symbol Picture of label not available 346.5 Damaged Parcels If a mailpiece containing a Class 6 material is found to be damaged or leaking during postal handling, the incident must be reported in accordance with POM 139.117 and 139.118, as appropriate. The local postal safety officer (or designee) must immediately initiate the spill response procedures in Handbook EL-812, Hazardous Materials and Spill Response. For spills involving infectious substances (etiologic agents), the following containment and cleanup steps must also be followed: a. Wear rubber gloves throughout the spill cleanup procedure. b. Surround the leaking package with absorbent material. c. Place the leaking package in another box and seal the box. d. Place the sealed box in a plastic bag and seal the bag. e. Place the entire package in an outer carton for return to sender (when practicable) or proper disposal. f. Flood affected surfaces and rinse rubber gloves with household chlorine bleach, diluted 1 ounce to 1 gallon of water, and let stand for 5 minutes. Use caution with the chlorine bleach because it is a mildly corrosive oxidizer. Wipe surfaces dry with an absorbent material, place the absorbent material in a plastic bag, and incinerate. g. Report the damaged parcel to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at the telephone number listed in 246. h. Never dispose of etiologic agents in the trash. 347 Radioactive Materials (Hazard Class 7) 347.1 Definition Radioactive material is defined in 49 CFR 173.403 as any material having a specific activity greater than 70 Bq per gram (0.002 microcurie per gram). 347.2 Mailability The following conditions apply: a. International Mail. Radioactive material is prohibited in international mail if required to bear a Class 7 Radioactive White-I, Radioactive Yellow-II, or Radioactive Yellow-III hazardous materials warning label (see Exhibit 325a). See IMM 135 for the specific admissibility requirements that are applicable to international shipments of radioactive material. Mailable radioactive materials must be sent as registered air letters. b. Domestic Mail via Air Transportation. All radioactive material is prohibited per DMM C023.1.9. c. Domestic Mail via Surface Transportation. Radioactive material is prohibited if it is required to bear a Class 7 Radioactive White-I, Radioactive Yellow-II, or Radioactive Yellow-III hazardous materials warning label (see Exhibit 325a). Mailable radioactive materials may not have an activity content that exceeds the limits in Exhibit 347.22 (which are one-tenth of the values specified in 49 CFR 173.425), and must be one of the following materials: (1) A radioactive material eligible to be shipped as a limited quantity under 49 CFR 172.101. (2) An excepted instrument, article, or device including an instrument and manufactured article (such as a clock, electronic tube, or apparatus) or a similar device that has a radioactive material in gaseous or nondispersible solid form as a component part. (3) An excepted article containing natural uranium or thorium, including manufactured articles in which the sole radioactive material is natural or depleted uranium or natural thorium. 347.21 Nonmailable Radioactive Materials Any package bearing, or required to bear, one of the Class 7 hazardous materials warning labels for radioactive materials shown in Exhibit 325a is nonmailable under any conditions. Report nonmailable materials found in the mailstream to the appropriate officials in accordance with POM 139.117 and 139.118, as applicable. See 347.5 for emergency procedures. 347.22 Mailable Radioactive Materials As stated in 347.2, the only categories of radioactive material that are mailable in international mail or in domestic mail via surface transportation are those that do not have an activity level exceeding the limits in Exhibit 347.22 and are eligible to be shipped as a limited quantity under 49 CFR, are excepted instruments, articles, and devices, or are excepted articles containing natural uranium and thorium. The mailer must provide accurate documentation of the activity limits, which must not exceed those specified in Exhibit 347.22. Exhibit 347.22 Activity Limits for Mailable Instruments, Articles, and Limited Quantity Radioactive Materials Nature of Contents Limits for Each Instrument or Article1 Package Limits1 Materials Package Limits1 Solids: Special form Normal form 10-3 A1 10-3 A2 0.1 A1 0.1 A2 10-4 A1 10-4 A2 Liquids: Tritiated water: <0.0037 TBq/liter (0.1 Ci/L) 0.0037 TBq to 0.37 TBq/L (0.1 Ci to 1.0 Ci/L) >0.037 TBq/L (1.0 Ci/L) Other Liquids: 10-4 A2 10-2 A2 3.7 TBq (100 Ci) 0.37 TBq (10 Ci) 0.0037 TBq (0.1 Ci) 10-5 A2 Gases: Tritium2 Special form Other form 2 x 10-3 A2 10-4 A1 10-4 A2 2 x 10-2 A2 10-3 A1 10-3 A2 2 x 10-3 A2 10-4 A1 10-4 A2 1 For mixture of radionuclides, see 49 CFR 173.433(d). 2 These values also apply to tritium in activated luminous paint and tritium adsorbed on solid carriers. 347.3 Packaging The following packaging requirements apply: a. Limited Quantities (49 CFR 173.421). Radioactive materials whose activity per package does not exceed the limits specified in Exhibit 347.22 are excepted from specification packaging, marking, and labeling requirements. All applicable conditions for Packaging Instruction 7A in Appendix C must be met. b. Instruments and Articles (49 CFR 173.424). Instruments and manufactured articles (including clocks, electronic tubes, or apparatus) or similar devices having radioactive materials in gaseous or nondispersible solid form as a component part (whose activity level does not exceed the limits specified in Exhibit 347.22) are excepted from specification packaging, marking, and labeling requirements. All applicable conditions for Packaging Instruction 7A in Appendix C must be met. c. Excepted Articles Containing Uranium or Thorium (49 CFR 173.426). Manufactured articles in which the sole radioactive material is natural or depleted uranium or natural thorium (whose activity level does not exceed the limits specified in Exhibit 347.22) are excepted from specification packaging, marking, and labeling requirements. All applicable conditions for Packaging Instruction 7A in Appendix C must be met. 347.4 Marking The outside of the inner receptacle or the outside of the secondary packaging must be marked "Radioactive." The address side of the mailpiece must clearly and prominently display one of the following markings, as applicable: a. Mailable Limited Quantity Shipments: "This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49 CFR 173.421 for radioactive material, excepted package-limited quantity of material, UN2910 and is within Postal Service activity limits for mailing." b. Mailable Instruments and Articles: "This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49 CFR 173.424 for radioactive material, excepted package-instruments or articles, UN2910 and is within Postal Service activity limits for mailing." c. Mailable Excepted Articles Containing Uranium or Thorium: "This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49 CFR 173.426 for radioactive material, excepted package-articles manufactured from natural uranium (or natural thorium), UN2910 and is within Postal Service activity limits for mailing." 347.5 Emergency Procedures When a nonmailable package of radioactive material is discovered intact in the mailstream, the following procedures must be immediately followed: a. Place the parcel at least 15 feet from other mail or personnel. Under no circumstances may the package be dispatched. b. Report the mailpiece to the appropriate officials in accordance with POM 139.117 and 139.118, as applicable. c. If a package of radioactive material is found damaged or is leaking, immediately contact the facility safety officer (or designee). The safety officer will: * Follow the appropriate spill response procedures. * Isolate the area around the damaged package to prevent contact with people. * Isolate any conveyor, belt, chute, or other equipment or conveyance, including mailbags, in which the radioactive material has leaked or may have leaked. * Rope off or guard the isolated area whenever practical. * Place a temporary sign indicating the presence of radioactive materials and bearing a warning to stay beyond the edge of the roped area. The local postmaster must immediately request the assistance of qualified persons to check radiation hazards and to supervise the salvage and decontamination. This assistance may be received from the mailer (if known) or from one of the following contacts: (1) Nearest office of the Department of Energy (DOE) as listed in Exhibit 347.5c(1) or DOE's national emergency number as follows: DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER 202-586-8100 (2) Local health, fire, or police departments. (3) Local civil defense authorities. (4) Nearby military installations. (5) Nearby scientific laboratories. (6) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), whose national emergency numbers are as follows: NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (NRC) 301-816-5100 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER 800-424-8802 202-426-2675 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA) NATIONAL EMERGENCY COORDINATION CENTER 202-646-2400 Exhibit 347.5c(1) Department of Regional Coordinating Offices for Radiological Assistance and Geographical Areas of Responsibility DOE Regional Coordinating Offices Regional Coordinating Offices Address 24-Hour Telephone 1. Brookhaven Area Office PO. Box 5000 Uptown New York 11973-5000 516-282-2000 2. Oak Ridge Operations Office PO. Box 2001 Oak Ridge TN 37831-8543 423-576-1005 3. Savannah River Operations Office PO. Box 616 Aiken South Carolina 29802-0616 803-725-3333 4. Albuquerque Operations Office PO. Box 5400 Albuquerque New Mexico 87185-5400 505-845-4667 5. Chicago Operations and Regional Office 9800 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439-4897 630-252-4800 6. Idaho Operations Office 850 Energy Place Idaho Falls ID 83401-1563 208-526-1515 7. Oakland Operations Office 1301 Clay Street Oakland California 94612-5208 510-637-1794 8. Richland Operations PO. Box 550 Richland WA 99352-0550 509-373-3800 Alaska in Region 8 Puerto Rico in Region 2 Hawaii in Region 7 Virgin Islands in Region 2 Canal Zone in Region 3 348 Corrosives (Hazard Class 8) 348.1 Definition A corrosive is any liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alteration in human skin tissue at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel. The term "corrosive" includes all items commonly referred to as acids, as well as most batteries. 348.2 Mailability a. International Mail. All corrosives are prohibited. b. Domestic Mail. A corrosive that can qualify as an ORM-D material and be renamed with the proper shipping name "Consumer Commodity" is permitted via air or surface transportation subject to the following: (1) A liquid mixture must be 1 pint (16 oz) or less and must contain 15 percent or less corrosive material with the remainder of the mixture not being a hazardous material, unless otherwise specified in 348.22 for a specific corrosive material. (2) A solid mixture must be 10 pounds or less per primary receptacle and must contain 10 percent or less c